California Budget

California Budget Crisis Rozlyn Brown Comm/215 BSDC0TEBB5 Michele Watson ? Poor money management of the State of California has caused people to suffer. The global recession has caused California and many other states to plummet. In the Los Angeles Times California deficit is said to be $25. 4 billion according to the states chief analyst. The state of California has taken drastic measure to fix this problem. Fixing the problem includes layoffs of 4,500 state/government employees, furlough, minimum wage, and cutting of many state funded programs.Fifty days into this fiscal year, there still not a budget signed and in place. At this time they are not able to come up with an agreement. This has been a very difficult time for all Californians. California needs to balance the budget correctly. The answer to fixing the budget is not hurting the agencies that have help the state rather than hurt them. On December19, 2008 the Department of Personnel Administration was ordered to start layof fs for civil service employees. That would take effect January 1, 2009 through June 1, 2009.They were also ordered to implement a furlough program. A furlough is unpaid time off given to government employees for the purpose of reducing the state’s budget. Arnold Schwarzenegger adopted a furlough program that would affect 200,000 civil service employees starting February 2009. This program would make all state employees work two days a month free. When the results were still the same the two days a month quickly went to three days. The three days became effective July 1, 2009 that would continue until June 30, 2009.Those three days caused a 14% pay cut for employees. That caused a problem within itself. Everyone suffered due to the furloughs. Homes, cars, businesses, were lost. The state believes that furloughs would help save the state a great deal of money. According to the IVN furloughs has been costing the state $465 million in lost tax revenue. The state has reported to h ave saved three billion dollars due to the furlough program. State employees dispute the states claims. This rogram has caused government operations to close the second, third, and fourth, Friday of each month to save money beginning August 10, 2010. Everyone is not affected by this program. California Highway Patrol, California Department of Fire, and Forestry Protection, Franchise Tax Board, Board of Equalization, Employment Development Department, state Insurance Fund, California Housing Finance, and California Earthquake Authority are departments that are exempt from the furlough program. Bargaining units 12, 16, 18, and 19 have all came to agreements with proposal that have been made.Those not exempt or in bargaining unit that are pending contract the state controller stated he would have to reduce civil service employees’ wages to federal minimum wage which, is $7. 25 per hour. As a state employee working at Patton State Hospital as a Psychiatric Technician, I am part o f bargaining unit 18. Bargaining unit 18 is one of the few units pending the government contract proposal. Although the proposal is in place the government still has the authority and still continuing with the furlough program.To this day state employees have been furloughed a total of 46 days. In a 24 hour facility it is impossible to take any furlough days off. Due to that reason alone a number of unions have sued to have the furlough program stopped. The Supreme Court has upheld governor Schwarzenegger’s furlough program to stay in place. Legislation are pushing the unions to accept the contract proposal that member would accept contributions more of their salaries toward pension benefits and to take a day of unpaid personal leave a month which, will equal a 10% pay cut.Fifty days into this fiscal year the State Controller John Chang stated he would issue IOU’s if the budget is not signed soon. At this time money state workers are suffering due to the governmentâ₠¬â„¢s poor money management. California will not be on track until the people managing the money figures out a way to manage the money properly.References Los Angeles Times, November 10, 2010 Retrieved from www. latimes. com Christopher A. Guzman, IVN, February 16, 2010 Retrieved from www. caivn. org Wake County Budget Finance, Retrieved from www. wakegov. com/economy/glossary

Amazon.Com Case Studies

Name: PRASHANTH BALAKRISHNAN Student ID: 071090070 Course: BIS 541/03 –MANAGING INFORMATION SYSTEMS Program: CEMBA Commonwealth Executive Master of Business and Administration TMA 1: â€Å"Amazon. com†- A Business History Tutor: Prasanan P. T. Kannan Submission Date: 07. March. 2009 [pic] TABLE OF CONTENTS ChapterTitlePage 1. 0Executive Summary 2. 0Problem Statement1 3. 0Analysis of Causes 3. 1 Amazon’s Debt 2-3 3. 2 Competition3-4 3. 3 Expansion4-6 4. 0Decision Criteria and Alternative Solutions 4. 1 Reduce expenditure in inventories and better management7 in supply chain 4. Presenting a competitive edge to competitors7 4. 3 Expansionto Asia8 5. Recommended Solutions 5. 1 Technology Integration and R&D9 5. 2 Strategic Cost Analysis9 5. 3 Differentiation9 5. 4 Inventory10 5. 5 Visionary & Informative10-11 5. 6 Keep customers in the loop on everything11 5. 7 Shipping & Delivery11 5. 8 Expansion to Asia Region11-12 5. 9 Word-of mouth advertisement12 6. 0 Expand the product lines13 6. 0Appendices14-16 7. 0References17 Executive Summary The study comprises of Amazon. om which started its history by selling books and now one of the online market leaders globally not only for books but products from various categories. Company started with a mission to be Earth’s most customer centric company. In order to become the largest and convenience online store for all, there are major problems or threat being faced by Amazon. com in succeeding its mission. The major problems are Amazon facing high amount of debt, it’s less initiative in not expanding to other developed countries, and also competition from other online retailers and one tough opponent is Barnes & Nobles. Many plans of actions can be taken and some of it is; Amazon. com should decrease long–term debt by increasing expenditure on research and development, increasing word-to-mouth advertisement and good customer service. Amazon. com should also expand the five most common languages in Asian region. Focus marketing strategies on customer feedback to find out what Asian customers tend to buy and willing to spend on. Strategize new plan on improving sites to be informative and attractive as much as possible so Amazon. com should also adapt to the best technology where it can sustain as a strong innovator in ever increasing retailer market. Amazon. com also must strive to give customers the best service in shipping and delivery as it’s an important aspect in online business to out beat its entire competitors on this online industry. Problem Statement The main problem faced by Amazon. com now being an online retailer can be divided to three in overall. Amazon. com is in confronting huge debt behind their successful screen. Amazon. com is lack of expansion to other regions or Asia which be said as another big market for a huge online bookseller as Amazon. com. Another problem is the competition being faced by them with one of the tough opponent as Barnes&Nobles. Analysis of the Problem Amazon. com’s in Debt 3. 1 Amazon’s Debt One of major causes of Amazon’s huge debt is its large expenditure. In order to keep its advantageous position, Amazon has no choice but to continue to spend astronomical amounts of money on sales & marketing, research & development and general & administrative costs. (Table 1 & Table 2) â€Å"One misstep, and its love affair withy investors and sources of capital could be over. (Kimberly Weisul, 1999) †¢ Competitors Although Amazon won the battle soon after entering the online cd and music market, there are some competitions in other product lines that may be too immensely strong to beat. For example, in March of 1999, Amazon introduced an auction service. After a few months effort, its auction business performed slightly, indicating how difficult it is to challenge the giant’s eBay and Yahoo! Auctions. |Auction Sites |27-Sep-99 |Multiplier needed to equal eBay listings | |Amazon Auctions |4. 0% |15. 3 | |eBay |73. 60% |   | |Yahoo! Auctions |21. 60% |3. 4 | Source: Auction Web sites and C. E Unterberg Towbin †¢ Consumer Behavior Amazon. com is widely regarded as having one of the best management team of any internet company. However, there are some outside forces that are not easy to manipulate. Security; as the number of Internet crimes increases, customers are becoming aware of the possible danger involved in the process of on-line shopping. This security problem may not be difficult to improve since security technology is innovated quickly, but to convince customer of this is not as easy ? Etailers vs. retailers Another factor is hard to manage customer purchasing habits. Most consumers still prefer the capability of seeing a product before buying it. Additionally, the number of people buying personal computers and that of the Internet population wil l directly affect Amazon’s sale. . 2 Competition †¢ Michael Porter’s Model ? Supplier ; Amazon started to build its own distribution centers in different locations and moving the products directly form the factory rather than from other distributors such that Amazon can lower its marginal costs. (Chao Janice C. Rice, Brandi S. Dec 8, 1999) ? Consumers ; Amazon. com continues to spend a lot of money in advertisement to reach customers as well as to increase customer awareness of eCommerce in general and brand name in particular. (Chao Janice C. Rice, Brandi S. Dec 8, 1999) ? Substitutes; The Substitute of eCommerce, the traditional retailers, is still more attractive than the Etailers. For example, we as consumers more than likely would rather go to the bookstore and browse through a book before we buy it. (Chao Janice C. Rice, Brandi S. Dec 8, 1999 ) 3. 3 Expansion †¢ Lack of Spanish website version (Latino and Hispanic Americans are the fastest-growing online ethnic group) †¢ Amazon. com is very less popular or it can said there are people without knowing the existence of Amazon. om †¢ Website is not more expanded with more languages options where currently there are options only for Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, France and China (www. amazon. com) Competition with Barnes& Nobles Amazon. com Weakness ? Difficulties of handling large number of customers ? Limited operating history ? Security awareness ? Low margins in the sector ? Risk of introduction of wrong new categories which could damage company’s bra nd ? Company’s offered free shipping might affect future financial outcome ? Certain products (high volume/weight) have high shipping costs which could confront with local offline retailers Threats ? eBay, Barnes & Nobles, and Wal-Mart ? Population segment not targeted to on-line sales due to their lack of internet access ? Weak economic performance of Germany and France in the last year ? Competition will increase due to the low barriers to entry in the market: offline companies are coming online ? Heavy investments in Partnerships (Dustin Nadeau & Donatas Sumyla. April 2006) Barnes and Nobles and Amazon. com are competing, but both stores and other online stores recognize what works and are studying one another – often duplicating one another’s business strategies. This has resulted in them having more similarities than differences and it helps the consumers find similarities across the Web such as; †¢ When a description of an item is given, Amazon and Barnes and Nobles both place the shopping cart option prominently displayed to the upper, right portion of the screen. This makes it very efficient and useable for the viewer and they do not have to search around the page for this button. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001) †¢ In pricing, both Amazon. com and Barnesandnobles. com display the average price or their items above their own discounted rates so that the users feel as though they are saving money. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001) †¢ Both sites are â€Å"Flexible†, there is an option of buying things at a later date and placing them in the shopping cart temporarily. This option is called the wish list and it is displayed just beneath the â€Å"Add to Cart† button. Users can access this saved information and acce ss it on their next visit. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001) †¢ Both sites offer â€Å"Security† that provides safe shopping, privacy and efficiency by requiring customers to join as members at a certain point during a transaction. Membership is free and requires an email address, full name, home address and phone number. It allowing customers to maintain an order status and helps provide a history of what they bought. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001) †¢   Both sites are very â€Å"Scalable†, allowing for a huge selection of items to be added to the product catalog or taken away. A Field size is accommodated in the database. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001) 4. 0 Alternative Solutions 4. 1 Reduce expenditure in inventories and better management in supply chain ? Use increased income to pay down long-term debt ? Keep operating costs low (efficiencies of scales) ? Increase expenditure on Research & Development arena ? Strategic cost analysis ( WOU , MIS notes) ? Determining Differentiation ( WOU , MIS notes) 4. 2 Presenting a competitive edge to competitors †¢ Create more expertise in marketing and more product launches compared to competitors; †¢ Do a more through research on the customers needs and come up with something new that has its own brand and establishes as only Amazon. om could have the product. (Sujan Sarkar. April 23, 2007) †¢ A new Strategy on only books should be brought up in order to outcome one tough opponent as Barnes & Nobles. For example, Amazon. com’s booth’s can be set up in country sides where there is no access for Internet and give knowledge to country people that there also business through online. This is because; giving more exposure and awareness to people might be a business opportun ity as well. †¢ Product review information; Customers would have n a clear description, synopsis and other customer’s review on the book as it gives a clear rating of the book and there won’t be any sort of disappointments for them after purchase. 4. 3 Expansion to Asia †¢ Create different website versions based on the five most common language in Asian region †¢ Focus marketing strategies on customer feedback to find out what Asian customers tend to buy. †¢ Word of mouth advertisement (Onder Savas Devrim Dirik. January 9, 2003) †¢ Continue expanding its product lines 5. 0 Recommended Solution & Implementation 5. Technology Integration and R&D Amazon. com should increase expenditure in the research and development arena. We believe that Amazon should prepare itself for additional telecommunications implementations such as high speed internet and network security. These types of implementation, though representative of considerable R&D costs, ar e probably most significant factors that etailers must prepare for near future. As users, connections increase in speed, any delays on the part of the etailer they are connecting to will become obvious and less tolerable. Amazon can stay ahead of the pack by preparing a unique and comfortable interface for the users. 5. 2 Strategic Cost Analysis Amazon. com should also use Strategic cost analysis process where identify the firm’s value chain, diagnose the key elements that drive the costs of each value activity, identify competitors value chains, develop a strategy to lower relative costs by controlling cost drivers, ensure that any cost reduction does not erode differentiation in service and test the cost reductions if its sustainable in the end of the analysis. . 3 Differentiation They should also consider by costs by determining Differentiation where the process goes as determine who the real buyer is, identify buyer’s value chain and put in rank order the buyer’s reason to purchase, asses the current potential sources of diffentiation, identify the cost of these resources, design a value chain to maximize value relative costs, test for sustainiablity and reduce costs in activi ties that do not affect the chosen forms of differentiation. 5. Inventory; There are programs built to be extremely user-friendly, and most offer great support along the way of usage for online businesses to maintain the book database. Amazon should invest in software to best highlight and maintain the data on the site and importantly back up systems. Keep inventory accurate and up to date; This is also an important aspect that Amazon can out beat its competitors with as this is first step towards building a long-term relationship with that customer. Inventory of the books stock-out and sold out will be kept up to date on the site. 5. 5 Visionary & Informative A picture is worth a thousand words; Uploading pictures by decreasing explanations or descriptions could attract customer’s attraction and curiosity in exploring the book. Somehow it boosts up sales compared to other online booksellers who give attention in words. Product Review Information; In case of books, editorial reviews are provided by the company and it applies for all books. Customers can also rate each other’s review. A rating is placed against each review so that customers can decide whether to read or not based on that. Most online booksellers do not include this but they display the customer’s satisfaction on the delivery service provided by them which is less important to boost up sales. People out there want to pay you for your books; Amazon should use own merchant service account or a service offered by a listing site, make sure that customers can buy books quickly and painlessly with a credit card while you have them on the brink of finalizing said purchase. Don’t judge a book by its cover; First impressions are lasting impressions. When a customer receives the book they’ve ordered, make sure the first thing they see is a product and package that you are proud to have supplied by using use clean, new boxes without writing (or envelopes for low-cost paperbacks) for shipments. Customers will be expecting an excellent service but if its vice versa then they are chances for them to switch to other online retailers. 5. 6 Keep customers in the loop on everything; Amazon should update the status of order to customers on the order made and also keep them in loop by e-mail the listing service directly with questions about their orders and keep updating the latest events and new stocks of books through emails. 5. 7 Shipping & Delivery Follow-up; After shipping out an item to the customer, Amazon should send them an e-mail a day or two after expecting that they’ll receive their package, asking them if they’ve received it and are satisfied, and reminding them that there customer rep are there to help should they have any questions about their order. This is also a great time to remind them that you have similar items in stock or to offer them a coupon towards future purchases. 5. 8 Expansion to Asia Region Amazon should strive to expand its expertise to Asia region as well as high potentials are there which huge population. Education is becoming one important aspect in Asia and lack of important reference books are always a problem in many parts of Asia. It should diversify its marketing capability in Asia too to capture the market. Amazon is very less popular in Asia regions. Amazon. om should take Asia to consider for its business expansion. Amazon could also diversify its marketing and research ability to expand mostly to the developed countries of other territory. In order to grow big and always sustain in the market and competition, Amazon should takes this sort of steps to expand. International Sites; Amazon. com has got an added advantage of international sites on Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, France and China. All about what the customers have to do to browse the site with their language is by clicking to their national site. For example, if you clink Japan, immediately the whole website will change its descriptions and instructions into Japanese language. This is not at all applicable for a customer in Malaysia or any other regions of Asia. It should expand and add more languages options in its site to accumulate its customers. Giving customers what they want is also one strategy not all online business can do but if this can be proven in Amazon’s case then it have all the potential to be the one. 5. 9 Word-of mouth advertisement Amazon also should increase its word-of mouth advertisement. This might seem odd for an industry leader to rely upon such a quaint tactics as this, but we truly believe that in the world of Internet this is a powerful tool. We are quick to visit sites that our friends identify as being fabulous, and Amazon might capitalize on this by rewarding its customers who can reel in a new prospects. 6. 0 Expand the product lines Amazon should expand its product lines. Given’s Amazon’s vision and its unique position in the etailer industry, the cost associated with entering new markets is significantly lower than that of its competitors. There is no reasons to let this advantage slip away unused. Conclusion In order to stay focus on business Amazon. com has various ways and strategies that can be implemented with proper organizations communication networks. Financial reports should be reviewed annually and quarterly if necessary to come up with decisions whether to boost up sales or to maintain on a certain criteria for the wellness of business. Amazon. com also should have a frequent customer feedback program where they could exchange view on the services and products most desired to be acquired online by customers. Top level management meetings should be initiated to assure goals are achieved. A proper corrective action should be determined after the first year if annual objectives weren’t accomplished. However there are difficulties and competitions to overcome, and how companies attack these difficulties will separate the winners form the losers. Appendix |AMAZON. COM, INC. HISTORICAL INCOME STATEMENTS | |(in millions, except per share data)(quarterly information unaudited) | |Amazon. com Investor Relations | | | | | | | |Calendar Years Ended – December 31, | | |2008 |2007 |2006 |2005 |2004 |2003 |2002 | |Media |   | $ 5,350 | $ 4,630 | $ 3,582 | $ 3,046 | $ 2,589 | $ | | | | | | | | |2,270 | |Other |   | 448 | 326 | 263 | 222 | 130 | | | | | | | | | |110 | |International |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |Media |   | 5,734 | 4,612 | 3,485 | 2,885 | 2,513 | | | | | | | | | |1,780 | |Other |   | 94| 57| 20| | | | | | | | | |8 |2 |- | |Consolidated |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |Media |   | 11,084 | 9,242 | 7,067 | 5,931 | 5,102 | | | | | | | | | |4,050 | |Other |   | 542 | 383 | 283 | 230 | 132 | | | | | | | | | |110 | Table 2- Source; www. amazon. com (Investors Relations) |Total U. S. Home, Work and University Locations, Unique Visitors (000) | |Source: comScore Media Metrix | |Rank |Property |Unique Visitors |Rank |Property |Unique Visitors | | | |(000) | | |  (000) | |   |Total Internet : Total Audience |191,863 |   |   |   | |1 |Google Sites |151,010 |26 |Target Corporation |28,628 | |2 |Yahoo! Sites |146,131 |27 |Time Warner – Excluding AOL |27,209 | |3 |Microsoft Sites |125,568 |28 |Weatherbug Property |26,944 | |4 |AOL LLC |108,441 |29 |Bank of America |26,322 | |5 |Fox Interactive Media |90,510 |30 |United Online, Inc |26,048 | |6 |Ask Network |74,742 |31 |Gorilla Nation |25,585 | |7 |eBay |72,160 |32 |AT&T, Inc. 25,574 | |8 |Amazon Sites |64,768 |33 |Answers. com Sites |25,563 | |9 |Wikipedia Foundation Sites |62,737 |34 |Demand Media |25,447 | |10 |FACEBOOK. COM |57,232 |35 |CareerBuilder LLC |24,750 | |11 |Glam Media |55,293 |36 |Everyday Health |24,717 | |12 |Turner Network |54,877 |37 |Shopzilla. com Sites |24,097 | |13 |Apple Inc. 54,194 |38 |Photobucket. com LLC |23,928 | |14 |CBS Corporation |53,539 |39 |WordPress |23,730 | |15 |New York Times Digital |49,110 |40 |Real. com Network |23,359 | |16 |Viacom Digital |46,510 |41 |Expedia Inc |22,703 | |17 |Weather Channel, The |40,056 |42 |JPMorgan Chase Property |22,399 | |18 |craigslist, inc. 39,437 |43 |Mons ter Worldwide |22,244 | |19 |AT&T Interactive Network |38,184 |44 |Gannett Sites |21,829 | |20 |Adobe Sites |35,315 |45 |WorldNow – ABC Owned Sites |21,586 | |21 |Comcast Corporation |33,940 |46 |WebMD Health |21,185 | |22 |Wal-Mart |33,513 |47 |iVillage. com: The Womens Network |21,002 | |23 |Superpages. com Network |32,558 |48 |NBC Universal |20,974 | |24 |Verizon Communications Corporation |32,412 |49 |WhitePages |19,351 | |25 |Disney Online |30,345 |50 |ESPN |19,266 | Table 3; Media Matrix; http://www. comscore. com References 1] Chao Janice C. Rice, Brandi S. Dec 8, 1999 http://www. rhsmith. umd. du/faculty/jbailey/ents630/amazon. pdf 2] Dustin Nadeau & Donatas Sumyla. April 2006- Amazon. Com Inc 2004. (Accessed Feb 20, 2009) 3] Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001 – E-Transaction: Shopping Carts Comparison (Accessed Feb 20, 2009) 4] Paul Larson. February 14, Amazon. com – Motley Fool Research, Stock Report http://www. fool. com/search/index. aspx? go=1&site=USMF &q=amazon. com (Accessed Feb 16, 2009) 5] Onder Savas Devrim Dirik. January 9, 2003 – Informat? on Management (Accessed Feb 16, 2009) 6] Strategic Analysis of Amazon. com (Accessed Feb 19, 2009) 7] www. wikinvest. com/wiki/E-Commerce, (Accessed Feb 20, 2009) 8] www. ikinvest. com/stock/Amazon. com_(AMZN), (Accessed Feb 20, 2009) 9] www. wikinvest. com/stock/Barnes_%26_Noble_(BKS), (Accessed Feb 20, 2009) 10] Sujan Sarkar. April 23, 2007 – Amazon vs. Barnes & Noble: www. santarosa. edu/~ssarkar/cs66sp07/fprj/abn. htm (Accessed Feb 16, 2009) 11] Table 1- Source; www. amazon. com (Investors Relations) (Accessed Feb 17, 2009) 12] Table 2- Source; www. amazon. com (Investors Relations) (Accessed Feb 17, 2009) 13] Table 3; Media Matrix; http://www. comscore. com (Accessed Feb 17, 2009) ———————– AMAZON Supplier New Entrance Substitute Consumers

The Success Rate Of Your Business - 1414 Words

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This method of control can prove to have a strong effect on a person’s sense of privacy and can induce a strong sense of fear and anxiety. There are various methods from which government agents can monitor a group of people. In the novel, 1984 by George Orwell, these methods and theoriesRead More1984: Governments Attempt to Control the Mind and Bodies of Its Citiz1253 Words   |  6 Pages1984: Governments Attempt to Control The Mind and Bodies of Its Citizens The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell is an American classic which explores the human mind when it comes to power, corruption, control, and the ultimate utopian society. Orwell indirectly proposes that power given to the government will ultimately become corrupt and they will attempt to force all to conform to their one set standard. He also sets forth the idea that the corrupted government will attempt toRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Down With Big Brother 1387 Words   |  6 PagesApril 4, 1984, is the date that he wrote at the top of a diary. Put in another way, this was when he decided to rise in revolt against the Big Brother. Though a little defiance, he aimed to keep a diary not for himself, but for the future. Moreover, his attempts were never portrayed for the sake of his ambitions toward power. He wrote down, â€Å"Down with Big Brother.† This determined, bold declaration indicates that his diary would become the repository for everyone who has rebellious thoughts like

Island in Robinson Crusoe, the Coral Island and Lord of...

Island in Robinson Crusoe, the Coral Island and Lord of the Flies Compare and Contrast the ways in which Robinson Crusoe, the Coral Island and Lord of the Flies present and develop the experience of being marooned on a desert island. Show how the texts reflect the ideas and beliefs of its own author and the period in which it was written. In all three novels a person or a group of people are marooned on a desert/tropical island. All three crash of scupper on or near the island they eventually live on. What is also important is that the islands are great distances from other civilisation and frequented shipping lanes. As such, the prospect of leaving the island or being rescued quickly is a distant one. All three†¦show more content†¦In the beginning, Crusoes isle is a prison, a hell from which he cannot escape. He thinks often of leaving the isle, escaping is solitude. He tries many schemes and ideas to leave the island, one of which is the construction of a boat/canoe from a log. This idea fails him. Later Crusoe comes to love the island, it becomes his home. He builds a small homestead that is house an d in times of danger his castle. He builds a garden which he cultivates and cares for. He makes a little England in the midst of a tropical landscape. As he is there for so long, 26 years, that he is galled at leaving. He feels that is his island, that he is its king or appointed governor. He has weathered the storm of faith and savages, wild animals and pirates and loves his home, which is what the island is to him. The boys in the Coral Island are the same, but a faster scale. They are on their island for a few months, at the most three quarters of a year. They feel a sadness at leaving their isle much more as it was never a prison or a hell to them. They liked their isle from the start, the loved the adventure. With the deaths of their crew neatly sweeped under the carpet they can enjoy the adventure of the isle. They also do not have a large sense of religious or divine interference in their stay on the isle. They are free to enjoy themselves

Small-Medium Enterprises Responsibilities for Traditional Cost

Question: Discuss about theSmall-Medium Enterprises Responsibilities for Traditional Cost. Answer: Introduction For the past decades, activity-based costing (ABC) has enabled operations of different organizations in the free marketplace around the international places to identify the actual charges of processes along with products. The idea helps most companies within the markets to arrive at sound decisions that relate to the profitability along with expenses of the different products that they produce (Berry, 2014). It also allows the companies to achieve the effectiveness of their process that deals with business operations together with manufacturing of essential commodities for their consumers. According to Dwivedi Chakraborty (2017) activity-based costing has been the vital factor in enabling various small medium enterprises and other big companies to achieve as well as maintain competitiveness in the international markets of the current century. Furthermore, activity-based costing has received successful implementation in different firms and presently investigators are presently findin g that the focus on ABC can be essential in the creation of a competitive edge in various enterprises that range from small to medium that in turn represent close to ninety-seven percent of all permanent, full-time employment opportunities (Palaiologk et al., 2012). Therefore, the objective of this research proposal is to examine the Small-Medium Enterprises Responsibilities and Activity Based Costing (ABC) or Traditional Cost Accounting. Ideas presented in this article discuss issues that relate to the implementation of activity-based costing within business operations of the small medium enterprises. The ideas on this research paper concentrate on the potential for small, medium enterprises to develop in revenue as well as competitiveness by adopting activity-based costing. The ideas presented on this paper begin by the process of describing the importance of small medium enterprises that refer to the civil society builders in the world by the European Parliament in economies of free markets and the crucial vital of supporting their development (Dwivedi Chakraborty, 2017). Activity-based costing remains to be the means for different small medium enterprises to attain cost savings along with transparency in their operations that can assist them in achieving competitiveness in the international markets. Aim of research The principal focus of this investigative paperwork is to examine the Small-Medium Enterprises Responsibilities and Activity Based Costing (ABC) or Traditional Cost Accounting (Seto et al., 2012). The paper aims at the examination of different issues that relate to the implementation of activity-based costing within business operations of the small medium enterprises. Objectives of research To analyze the effectiveness of using traditional cost accounting (TCA) in SMEs To investigate effectiveness of using accounting based on activity (ABC) within SMEs To assess benefits of using accounting based on activity (ABC) within SMEs To assess the limitation of using activity-based accounting (ABC) in SMEs To recommend various strategies for minimizing limitation of using activity- based accounting (ABC) in SMEs Literature Review Firms that are large in size, multinationals, and high-profile tend to receive the overwhelmingly more significant amount of media attention and recognition of the name, but as the following facts show the role of small to medium firms. Various small and medium-sized organizations face severe operational challenges to remain competitive (Farr et al., 2016). These firms always need to focus on the process of developing appropriate strategies to enable them to control their costs of operations in the global markets. Seto et al., (2012) laments that, activity-based costing holds different importance over the use of traditional costing accounting (TCA) within activities of small, medium enterprises. For instance, ABC has the ideal advantage over TCA since it allows individuals who are responsible for financial management in an organization such as SMEs to concern with activities that relate with the causal influence of connection among distributors and expanded resources (Jovanovic et al ., 2014). ABC within operations of SMEs increases the accurateness of allocation charges, the costs along with profit facts about sustainability, and the capability of update system of accounting within activities of firms. Activity-based accounting remains to be an essential factor in operations of different companies around the global society. It offers the greater provision of various factors that include operations, finances, together with strategies for making the ideal process of attaining operational decisions. Therefore, through ABC, financial managers tend to have the perfect chance that helps in integrating ABC more effectively into the process of planning (Ibrahim et al., 2018). The use of ABC remains to be vital in budgeting for operations of SMEs by allowing them to be more improvised as well as the sophisticated support of financial standings that help in improving the strategic process of manufacturing different products that suit needs and demands of consumers (Turkau et al., 2016). For instance, with the present explosion in growth of population, over six hundred employment opportunities are required in the coming fifteen years to help in absorbing the growing global workforce indiffere nt places around developing nations. Research methodology Clear and concise objectives have been created for the research, and the study will utilize. This survey will receive appropriate formulation process around deductive approach for exploring the accounting theories. Seto et al., (2012) indicated that, data collected for the investigation will not be influenced to manipulate the research outcome. The current research will be molded using the detailed design for interrelating with the research participants and the collected data. Secondary analysis is necessary for the present study as the secondary data will be collected from various secondary sources (Suthummanon et al., 2011). Some of these sources will include books, journals, and websites, which must be updated and of reliable authors with valid arguments and evidence tailored to the current study regarding traditional cost accounting (TCA), activity-based accounting (ABC) and the preferred accounting system for the SMEs. Research Approach The chapter offers the detailed highlights on the methodological approaches applicable in the study regarding traditional cost accounting (TCA), activity-based accounting (ABC) and the preferred accounting system for the SMEs. It also shows the approach used to get information of advantages of ABC on operations of SMEs (Sharafi et al., 2012). The method applicable comprise of the research design that is usable, techniques of sampling, collection of data, size of sampling, instruments utilized for investigation procedures, quality control, analysis of data collected, along with ethical issues during the investigation. Since the study is more empirical, initial step of the study will concentrate on the collection of secondary information that will receive the backing by primary survey. Both quantitative as well as qualitative study plays a key function in this business study (Stockton et al., 2013). The idea of using both methods of investigation will enable the surveyor to analyze and evaluating traits and thinking of defendants. Given the scenery of investigation, both proper qualitative information collections by the use of questionnaires well structured will be deployable. The targeted marketplace analysis of ABC among SMEs for this survey will highlight the factors that are most prominent influential that is internal as well as external motives along with push with pull factors in operations of different firms. As stated by Sharafi et al., (2012), the method applied can then aid in establishing different factors that affect perceptions of people on importance of activity based accounting on operations of small medium enterprises. The sample size will include ten small medium enterprises to collect information regarding importance of activity based accounting over traditional cost accounting in their operations. The duration that will be applicable for the conducting of this study will be three months that the surveyors will focus on how small medium enterpri ses operates in relation to ABC. The methodology will tend to address the lack of survey, benefits that ABC has over TCA in SMEs. Conclusion From this research, the crucial role of SMEs in free marketplace economies around the globe along with the potential for activity based coasting toward supporting operations of SMEs to become and remain competitive in the international economy will be attained. The framework presentation of the research will help in identification several factors both negative along with positive that influence the implementations of activity-based costing and their outcomes in SMEs. Ideas presented in this research paper are essential in providing the model that is efficient for future investigations of ABC over TCA in supporting operations of SMEs globally. Besides, coming examination can apply the framework to compare together with the different implementation of ABC in the variety of types of SMEs firms compared to the application of ABC in the same sector of the industry. The outcome can be essential in investigating different kinds of software that can most efficiently support the process of im plementing activity-based costing over traditional cost accounting. References Berry, P. J. (2014). Starting with ABC and finishing with XYZ: what financial reporting model best fits a faculty and why?. Journal Of Higher Education Policy Management, 36(3), 305-314. doi:10.1080/01587919.2014.899048 Dwivedi, R., Chakraborty, S. (2017). Strategic decision making for a footwear industry using activity based costing and value chain models. Leather Footwear Journal / Revista De Pielarie Incaltaminte, 17(3), 119-128. doi:10.24264/lfj.17.3.1 Farr, J. V., Faber, I. J., Ganguly, A., Martin, W. A., Larson, S. L. (2016). Simulation-based costing for early phase life cycle cost analysis: Example application to an environmental remediation project. Engineering Economist, 61(3), 207-222. doi:10.1080/0013791X.2015.1062582 Ibrahim, R., Nur, A. M., Zafirah, S. A., Aljunid, S. M. (2018). The Cost of Radiology Procedures Using Activity Based Costing (ABC) for Development of Cost Weights in Implementation of Casemix System in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal Of Health Sciences / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 16(1), 155-162. doi:10.17576/JSKM-2018-1601-19 Jovanovi?, D., Janji?, V., Jankovi?, M. (2014). The impact of company size on the implementation of contemporary cost accounting systems: The case of Serbia. Teme: Casopis Za Drutvene Nauke, 38(3), 1095-1114. Palaiologk, A., Economides, A., Tjalsma, H., Sesink, L. (2012). An activity-based costing model for long-term preservation and dissemination of digital research data: the case of DANS. International Journal On Digital Libraries, 12(4), 195-214. doi:10.1007/s00799-012-0092-1 Seto, K., Marra, F., Raymakers, A., Marra, C. A. (2012). The Cost Effectiveness of Human Papillomavirus Vaccines. Drugs, 72(5), 715-743. Shander, A., Ozawa, S., Hofmann, A. (2016). Activity-based costs of plasma transfusions in medical and surgical inpatients at a US hospital. Vox Sanguinis, 111(1), 55-61. doi:10.1111/vox.12386 Sharafi, P., Hadi, M. S., Teh, L. H. (2012). Heuristic Approach for Optimum Cost and Layout Design of 3D Reinforced Concrete Frames. Journal Of Structural Engineering, 138(7), 853-863. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000508 Stockton, D., Khalil, R., Mukhongo, L. (2013). Cost model development using virtual manufacturing and data mining: part II-comparison of data mining algorithms. International Journal Of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 66(9-12), 1389-1396. doi:10.1007/s00170-012-4416-5 Suthummanon, S., Ratanamanee, W., Boonyanuwat, N., Saritprit, P. (2011). Applying Activity-Based Costing (ABC) to a Parawood Furniture Factory. Engineering Economist, 56(1), 80-93. doi:10.1080/0013791X.2010.549936 Trkay, M., Sarao?lu, ., Arslan, M. C. (2016). Sustainability in Supply Chain Management: Aggregate Planning from Sustainability Perspective. Plos ONE, 11(1), 1-18. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147502

Sphinx Essay Research Paper BullheadedDuring this great free essay sample

Sphinx Essay, Research Paper Bull-headed During this great age of information and transit, in a universe traveling so fast that our contemplations are nil salvage a fuzz on the cosmic mirror, who has the clip logically challenge the dating of ancient memorial. Egyptologists have done the research and concluded that the memorials located in the Giza tableland can be attributed to the 4th dynasty ( 2900-2750 BC ) . Why should we blow our limited clip reinvestigating what appears to be a closed instance? Egyptologists have conclude that the constructions located at the Giza tableland can be attributed to forth dynasty Pharaoh Khufu ( big pyramid ) , Menkaure ( little pyramid ) , and latter Khafre ( sphinx and medium pyramid. ) The rock quarried to construct these buildings were brought from as far off as Tura ( casing rocks ) which is located five stat mis east, Aswan ( granite ) , and the bulk of the rock used was from the tableland itself. Egyptologists say that a bulk of the rock taken from the tableland for Khufu s pyramid originated around the current site of the Sphinx. We will write a custom essay sample on Sphinx Essay Research Paper BullheadedDuring this great or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The pyramids entombed their several Pharaoh organic structures, yet the sphinx and its next edifices have no evident intent. These memorials have changed in visual aspect since building, the pyramids holding lost their extremely polished casing s ( pilfered by Arabs after thirteenth century temblor ) , and both the pyramids and sphinx have sustained significant conditions harm. The conditions eroding nevertheless is non consistent in all constructions ; the pyramids have horizontal weathering as a consequence of drawn-out exposure to strong air currents and dust storms, while the sphinx and its next constructions have both horizontal and perpendicular harm. What could do both horizontal and perpendicular weathering? Egyptologists attribute the uneven weathering to come up groundwater motion, chemical weathering, and exfoliation. The Giza tableland has a southeasterly contour, with the Sphinx busying a place at the low prevarication, easterly border of the tableland. A figure of Egyptologists suggest that Sphinx was carved from a block left over from the quarrying undertaken by Khufu, therefore the south-easterly dip in terrain. Topographical research has proven this claim false, showing grounds that the topography of the Giza tableland was a consequence of natural procedure. The Giza country was inundated by a rush of the Mediterranean Sea during the Pliocene epoch ( 2 to 7 million old ages ago ) , ensuing in the tableland and the North and due east facing drops that surround it. Although waterless conditions have dominated most of the dynastic period of Egyptian history, wetter periods are known to hold existed, with current waterless conditions non to the full established until the terminal of the 5th dynasty. During the passage period nevertheless, waterless conditions were interrupted by seasonal rain. G ive the small flora or sub-soil screen, sporadic heavy rainfall would rapidly saturate the tableland, seeing how under the sand is stone. The H2O would flux down the sloping topography E and hit the Sphinx on the western side doing eroding. Although both western and eastern exposures of the Sphinx are the same age, eroding on the West is significantly more sever. As both archeological and climate indicate, Giza was capable to rain and rain run-off during the Forth and portion of the 5th dynasty. So this fact entirely does non, in itself, necessitate a alteration of the Sphinx s birthday. Located to the West ( acclivitous ) of the Sphinx an archeological digging revealed a 480-foot long ( twice every bit long as Sphinx ) prey filled by windblown sand. Upon entire digging, quarry letterings were found imputing it to Khufu. This big hole consisted of extremely permeable unconsolid ated sand that would hold certainly intercepted all the run-off H2O from its West, that would hold antecedently raced towards the Sphinx. This, nevertheless, lies in contradiction to the Sphinx s terrible H2O eroding on the western side. I feel this means that the building of the Sphinx pre-dates Khufu s quarrying, and subsequent pyramid. I do, nevertheless, feel that the 4th dynasty played a partial manus in the present visual aspect of the Sphinx. Khufu s replacement Djedfe, was the first Pharaoh to integrate the name Re into royal rubric. Djedfe taught that Pharaoh were populating illustrations of Gods, peculiarly Re, the Sun God. This instruction is maintained throughout all of the undermentioned dynasties. Surely by the clip Khafre, the tenet of the Pharaoh as the earthly manifestation of the Sun God had developed farther. To strengthen his correlativity with Re, he commissioned Masons and sculpturers transform the king of beasts caput to that of his ain similitude. This theory has given the recognition of the Sphinx to Khafre, and surely explains why the caput is proportionately much smaller in relation to the organic structure and significantly more preserved. Egyptologist refute that the caput was re-carved by Khafre, but concede that the caput was re-sculpted at some point in its being to resemble a Pharaoh. One such Egyptologist is Ahmed Fayed who believes that the well-known Tutankhamen ordered the face lift. If the builders where non ancient Egyptians, than who built it, and what was its intent. A cosmopolitan lingua that transcends all cultural and linguistics boundaries is the stars, or uranology and star divination. The emanation of the equinox tells us that the universe, in relation to us, invariably alterations in a expansive rhythm of 26,000 old ages. Why did these cryptic builders carve a king of beasts in the terrain confronting east? Astrologers have noted that the age of Leo began at 10,500 BC, and uranologists have calculated that a coinciding heavenly event would besides go on that twelvemonth. At morning before dawn on the twenty-four hours of the spring ( youthful ) equinox, the age of Leo would be ushered in by the heavenly king of beasts resting due east merely above the skyline, in perfect alliance with the Sphinx. Egyptologist confronted with these facts brush them off as coincidental and irrelevant, seeing as they believe the Sphinx was constructed in the Fourth dynast y. Pharaohs who build memorials expected and received congratulations for their creative activities. To continue their reign and remind people of the hereafter merely how power-full and almighty they were they adorned practically every inch of their creative activities with hieroglyphics. These hieroglyphics are found throughout all of the dynasties and on the 100s of pyramids and constructions found in Egypt, except for one. Throughout the Sphinx and its next temples non a individual in lettering, carving, or any other hieroglyphics identified Khafre, our anyone else for that affair as the Godhead. Egyptologist # 8217 ; s, true have no account for this phenomena. I feel that the field of Egyptology has a fatal defect. When confronted with grounds that does non neatly fit into their pre-conceived constructs or tenet of history, they attempt to de-bunk it. The alternate to disregarding grounds, is the prostration of a bulk of theories that they, and infinite others before them, have regarded as sacred truth. I feel that this pattern slaughters the virtuousness of objectiveness in the name of heritage and tenet. To accept the grounds above would in fact repositing this major memorial off from the Egyptian people and confer it upon a cryptic and ancient civilization. Egyptologist claim there is no grounds of this ancient civilization ; to them I present exhibit 1, the Sphinx. . 314