Mind Control Methods in 1984 Essay - 1025 Words

Mind Control Methods of 1984 and Today. Everyone wants more money. Thats why people go to college to make more money. Thats why people rob banks to get more money. Thats why people do unethical business moves, to receive more money. We are living in a money-hungry society. People want more money because they know that money is power. This power allows us to change, shape and mold society into exactly what we want. This forming and shaping can make a society more productive which means more profitable. Yet, it is impossible to sit back and hope that a society will conform to what will make you rich. Every society, whether real or fiction, uses mind control methods, to get what they want. In the book 1984, mind control is†¦show more content†¦At Winstons job in the ministry of truth, he re-writes history to show that Big Brother is always correct. Winston has constant reminders that Big Brother, the leader of the Inner Party, is always watching and regulating his daily events. The Inner party makes such rules, so that the lower parties become weaker and weaker and less chance of rebellion. The spirits and pocket of the people are empty. This is good for the Inner Party because it keeps them in power, which is in turn richer. Yet, Winston rebels against Big Brother and wont let the government control him in such a way. Winston is viewed as the last humanist. He is interested with the basic God given rights of humans. Whether it is, keeping a secret diary to preserve the truth, having forbidden sexual affairs or denouncing the party by refusing to adhere to their false facts, Winston stands up for his beliefs until he can take no more. In todays society, we are plagued by mind control methods as well. These are more subtle than those in 1984 but still have the same premise. The mind control methods used are aimed to achieve the same goal as in 1984, that goal being power. Since we live in such a narcissistic and materialistic society, power entails having money. The more money you have, the more powerful one can be. By usingShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell s Brave New World938 Words   |  4 Pagessimilarities in how the government in the novel 1984 and the government in the novel Brave New World control the citizens of their society? Both government are tyrannical types of governments with total control over their people. The two novels have many differences and similarities in the methods the government uses to control the people, they use methods such as psychological manipulation, torture, emotional oppression, and t. The first method of control is torture. Torture is defined as inflictingRead More1984, by George Orwell: An Analysis of a Totalitarian Society1605 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing, or imposing a form of government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control over all aspects of life, the individual is subordinated to the state, and opposing political and cultural expression is suppressed, (dictionary.com). Essentially, totalitarianism is a type of government in which the person or people in power seek to maintain absolute control over every person under their authority, with virtually all importance eliminated from the concept of an individualRead MoreEssay on 1984 vs. Harrison Bergeron855 Words   |  4 PagesBergeron and Orwells 1984 are based on the concept of negative utopia. The governments in both these novels control their masses using harsh methods. The government in 1984 uses brainwashing, doublethink, mutability of the past and vaporization to co ntrol its masses. The government in Harrison Bergeron uses physical and mental handicaps to control its masses and in the effort to make everyone equal. Both the governments have a tight control on its people but the government in 1984 has a stronger andRead MoreEssay on The Utopia of Orwell and Foucault1368 Words   |  6 PagesPanopticism written by Michel Foucault perfectly describes in detail the controls put on the citizens of Big Brother’s Oceania in George Orwell’s 1984. Through control of relation, surveillance, and separating out their dangerous mixtures Big Brother obtains a government system, which is described by Foucault as a â€Å"Utopia.† The Utopia relies upon more than one method of control as noted by Foucault, but the far most significant method is surveillance. â€Å"The telescreen received and transmittes simultaneouslyRead MoreComparison Essay Between 1984 and Bnw1285 Words   |  6 Pagesis, as seen in Aldous Huxleys Brave New World. However, if conditioning fails, or, is not exercised, even utopias can very easily become dystopias, such as in George Orwells 1984. Therefore, what one views as a dystopia, another could easily see as a utopia, and vice versa. Huxleys Brave New World and Orwells 1984 are in many ways, very similar. Both novels incorporate class of people who only exist on the outside edge of the society, which the authors use to compare between societies whichRead MoreThe Brave New World, By Aldous Huxley And 1984 By George Orwell1680 Words   |  7 PagesNew World by Aldous Huxley and 1984 by George Orwell. He suggests that â€Å"Orwell feared that what we hate will ruin us. Huxley feared that what we love will ruin us† (Postman). The Party of 1984 maintained control of the people by keeping them under constant surveillance, whereas the government of Brave New World kept the citizens so happy, they never felt threatened enough to put up a fight. Both Brave New World and 1984 multiple methods of fear manipulation to control and restrict the ideas of theirRead MoreCompare and Contrast 1984-Brave New World1326 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å" Do you see, then, what kind of world we are creating?† (Orwell, 1950 p. 267)George Orwell, author of 1984 released in 1950, present the idea of a society that proves to be a dystopia as it is completely based on fear and rarely does one see happiness while in the other hand, Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World presents the idea of a functional utopia were feelings are destroyed and no one is unhappy because they don’t know happiness but all this could change by the hands of one outcast. These two societiesRead MoreThe Use Of Surveillance As A Mechanism Of Control1616 Words   |  7 PagesMechanism of Control Elen1003 Project 2; Topic No. 2; Tutor: Deneo Mfenyana 1036603- James Phillips â€Æ' Surveillance is an extremely effective mechanism to control a large group of people or society in our modern world. This method of control can prove to have a strong effect on a person’s sense of privacy and can induce a strong sense of fear and anxiety. There are various methods from which government agents can monitor a group of people. In the novel, 1984 by George Orwell, these methods and theoriesRead More1984: Governments Attempt to Control the Mind and Bodies of Its Citiz1253 Words   |  6 Pages1984: Governments Attempt to Control The Mind and Bodies of Its Citizens The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell is an American classic which explores the human mind when it comes to power, corruption, control, and the ultimate utopian society. Orwell indirectly proposes that power given to the government will ultimately become corrupt and they will attempt to force all to conform to their one set standard. He also sets forth the idea that the corrupted government will attempt toRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Down With Big Brother 1387 Words   |  6 PagesApril 4, 1984, is the date that he wrote at the top of a diary. Put in another way, this was when he decided to rise in revolt against the Big Brother. Though a little defiance, he aimed to keep a diary not for himself, but for the future. Moreover, his attempts were never portrayed for the sake of his ambitions toward power. He wrote down, â€Å"Down with Big Brother.† This determined, bold declaration indicates that his diary would become the repository for everyone who has rebellious thoughts like

Island in Robinson Crusoe, the Coral Island and Lord of...

Island in Robinson Crusoe, the Coral Island and Lord of the Flies Compare and Contrast the ways in which Robinson Crusoe, the Coral Island and Lord of the Flies present and develop the experience of being marooned on a desert island. Show how the texts reflect the ideas and beliefs of its own author and the period in which it was written. In all three novels a person or a group of people are marooned on a desert/tropical island. All three crash of scupper on or near the island they eventually live on. What is also important is that the islands are great distances from other civilisation and frequented shipping lanes. As such, the prospect of leaving the island or being rescued quickly is a distant one. All three†¦show more content†¦In the beginning, Crusoes isle is a prison, a hell from which he cannot escape. He thinks often of leaving the isle, escaping is solitude. He tries many schemes and ideas to leave the island, one of which is the construction of a boat/canoe from a log. This idea fails him. Later Crusoe comes to love the island, it becomes his home. He builds a small homestead that is house an d in times of danger his castle. He builds a garden which he cultivates and cares for. He makes a little England in the midst of a tropical landscape. As he is there for so long, 26 years, that he is galled at leaving. He feels that is his island, that he is its king or appointed governor. He has weathered the storm of faith and savages, wild animals and pirates and loves his home, which is what the island is to him. The boys in the Coral Island are the same, but a faster scale. They are on their island for a few months, at the most three quarters of a year. They feel a sadness at leaving their isle much more as it was never a prison or a hell to them. They liked their isle from the start, the loved the adventure. With the deaths of their crew neatly sweeped under the carpet they can enjoy the adventure of the isle. They also do not have a large sense of religious or divine interference in their stay on the isle. They are free to enjoy themselves

Small-Medium Enterprises Responsibilities for Traditional Cost

Question: Discuss about theSmall-Medium Enterprises Responsibilities for Traditional Cost. Answer: Introduction For the past decades, activity-based costing (ABC) has enabled operations of different organizations in the free marketplace around the international places to identify the actual charges of processes along with products. The idea helps most companies within the markets to arrive at sound decisions that relate to the profitability along with expenses of the different products that they produce (Berry, 2014). It also allows the companies to achieve the effectiveness of their process that deals with business operations together with manufacturing of essential commodities for their consumers. According to Dwivedi Chakraborty (2017) activity-based costing has been the vital factor in enabling various small medium enterprises and other big companies to achieve as well as maintain competitiveness in the international markets of the current century. Furthermore, activity-based costing has received successful implementation in different firms and presently investigators are presently findin g that the focus on ABC can be essential in the creation of a competitive edge in various enterprises that range from small to medium that in turn represent close to ninety-seven percent of all permanent, full-time employment opportunities (Palaiologk et al., 2012). Therefore, the objective of this research proposal is to examine the Small-Medium Enterprises Responsibilities and Activity Based Costing (ABC) or Traditional Cost Accounting. Ideas presented in this article discuss issues that relate to the implementation of activity-based costing within business operations of the small medium enterprises. The ideas on this research paper concentrate on the potential for small, medium enterprises to develop in revenue as well as competitiveness by adopting activity-based costing. The ideas presented on this paper begin by the process of describing the importance of small medium enterprises that refer to the civil society builders in the world by the European Parliament in economies of free markets and the crucial vital of supporting their development (Dwivedi Chakraborty, 2017). Activity-based costing remains to be the means for different small medium enterprises to attain cost savings along with transparency in their operations that can assist them in achieving competitiveness in the international markets. Aim of research The principal focus of this investigative paperwork is to examine the Small-Medium Enterprises Responsibilities and Activity Based Costing (ABC) or Traditional Cost Accounting (Seto et al., 2012). The paper aims at the examination of different issues that relate to the implementation of activity-based costing within business operations of the small medium enterprises. Objectives of research To analyze the effectiveness of using traditional cost accounting (TCA) in SMEs To investigate effectiveness of using accounting based on activity (ABC) within SMEs To assess benefits of using accounting based on activity (ABC) within SMEs To assess the limitation of using activity-based accounting (ABC) in SMEs To recommend various strategies for minimizing limitation of using activity- based accounting (ABC) in SMEs Literature Review Firms that are large in size, multinationals, and high-profile tend to receive the overwhelmingly more significant amount of media attention and recognition of the name, but as the following facts show the role of small to medium firms. Various small and medium-sized organizations face severe operational challenges to remain competitive (Farr et al., 2016). These firms always need to focus on the process of developing appropriate strategies to enable them to control their costs of operations in the global markets. Seto et al., (2012) laments that, activity-based costing holds different importance over the use of traditional costing accounting (TCA) within activities of small, medium enterprises. For instance, ABC has the ideal advantage over TCA since it allows individuals who are responsible for financial management in an organization such as SMEs to concern with activities that relate with the causal influence of connection among distributors and expanded resources (Jovanovic et al ., 2014). ABC within operations of SMEs increases the accurateness of allocation charges, the costs along with profit facts about sustainability, and the capability of update system of accounting within activities of firms. Activity-based accounting remains to be an essential factor in operations of different companies around the global society. It offers the greater provision of various factors that include operations, finances, together with strategies for making the ideal process of attaining operational decisions. Therefore, through ABC, financial managers tend to have the perfect chance that helps in integrating ABC more effectively into the process of planning (Ibrahim et al., 2018). The use of ABC remains to be vital in budgeting for operations of SMEs by allowing them to be more improvised as well as the sophisticated support of financial standings that help in improving the strategic process of manufacturing different products that suit needs and demands of consumers (Turkau et al., 2016). For instance, with the present explosion in growth of population, over six hundred employment opportunities are required in the coming fifteen years to help in absorbing the growing global workforce indiffere nt places around developing nations. Research methodology Clear and concise objectives have been created for the research, and the study will utilize. This survey will receive appropriate formulation process around deductive approach for exploring the accounting theories. Seto et al., (2012) indicated that, data collected for the investigation will not be influenced to manipulate the research outcome. The current research will be molded using the detailed design for interrelating with the research participants and the collected data. Secondary analysis is necessary for the present study as the secondary data will be collected from various secondary sources (Suthummanon et al., 2011). Some of these sources will include books, journals, and websites, which must be updated and of reliable authors with valid arguments and evidence tailored to the current study regarding traditional cost accounting (TCA), activity-based accounting (ABC) and the preferred accounting system for the SMEs. Research Approach The chapter offers the detailed highlights on the methodological approaches applicable in the study regarding traditional cost accounting (TCA), activity-based accounting (ABC) and the preferred accounting system for the SMEs. It also shows the approach used to get information of advantages of ABC on operations of SMEs (Sharafi et al., 2012). The method applicable comprise of the research design that is usable, techniques of sampling, collection of data, size of sampling, instruments utilized for investigation procedures, quality control, analysis of data collected, along with ethical issues during the investigation. Since the study is more empirical, initial step of the study will concentrate on the collection of secondary information that will receive the backing by primary survey. Both quantitative as well as qualitative study plays a key function in this business study (Stockton et al., 2013). The idea of using both methods of investigation will enable the surveyor to analyze and evaluating traits and thinking of defendants. Given the scenery of investigation, both proper qualitative information collections by the use of questionnaires well structured will be deployable. The targeted marketplace analysis of ABC among SMEs for this survey will highlight the factors that are most prominent influential that is internal as well as external motives along with push with pull factors in operations of different firms. As stated by Sharafi et al., (2012), the method applied can then aid in establishing different factors that affect perceptions of people on importance of activity based accounting on operations of small medium enterprises. The sample size will include ten small medium enterprises to collect information regarding importance of activity based accounting over traditional cost accounting in their operations. The duration that will be applicable for the conducting of this study will be three months that the surveyors will focus on how small medium enterpri ses operates in relation to ABC. The methodology will tend to address the lack of survey, benefits that ABC has over TCA in SMEs. Conclusion From this research, the crucial role of SMEs in free marketplace economies around the globe along with the potential for activity based coasting toward supporting operations of SMEs to become and remain competitive in the international economy will be attained. The framework presentation of the research will help in identification several factors both negative along with positive that influence the implementations of activity-based costing and their outcomes in SMEs. Ideas presented in this research paper are essential in providing the model that is efficient for future investigations of ABC over TCA in supporting operations of SMEs globally. Besides, coming examination can apply the framework to compare together with the different implementation of ABC in the variety of types of SMEs firms compared to the application of ABC in the same sector of the industry. The outcome can be essential in investigating different kinds of software that can most efficiently support the process of im plementing activity-based costing over traditional cost accounting. References Berry, P. J. (2014). Starting with ABC and finishing with XYZ: what financial reporting model best fits a faculty and why?. Journal Of Higher Education Policy Management, 36(3), 305-314. doi:10.1080/01587919.2014.899048 Dwivedi, R., Chakraborty, S. (2017). Strategic decision making for a footwear industry using activity based costing and value chain models. Leather Footwear Journal / Revista De Pielarie Incaltaminte, 17(3), 119-128. doi:10.24264/lfj.17.3.1 Farr, J. V., Faber, I. J., Ganguly, A., Martin, W. A., Larson, S. L. (2016). Simulation-based costing for early phase life cycle cost analysis: Example application to an environmental remediation project. Engineering Economist, 61(3), 207-222. doi:10.1080/0013791X.2015.1062582 Ibrahim, R., Nur, A. M., Zafirah, S. A., Aljunid, S. M. (2018). The Cost of Radiology Procedures Using Activity Based Costing (ABC) for Development of Cost Weights in Implementation of Casemix System in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal Of Health Sciences / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 16(1), 155-162. doi:10.17576/JSKM-2018-1601-19 Jovanovi?, D., Janji?, V., Jankovi?, M. (2014). The impact of company size on the implementation of contemporary cost accounting systems: The case of Serbia. Teme: Casopis Za Drutvene Nauke, 38(3), 1095-1114. Palaiologk, A., Economides, A., Tjalsma, H., Sesink, L. (2012). An activity-based costing model for long-term preservation and dissemination of digital research data: the case of DANS. International Journal On Digital Libraries, 12(4), 195-214. doi:10.1007/s00799-012-0092-1 Seto, K., Marra, F., Raymakers, A., Marra, C. A. (2012). The Cost Effectiveness of Human Papillomavirus Vaccines. Drugs, 72(5), 715-743. Shander, A., Ozawa, S., Hofmann, A. (2016). Activity-based costs of plasma transfusions in medical and surgical inpatients at a US hospital. Vox Sanguinis, 111(1), 55-61. doi:10.1111/vox.12386 Sharafi, P., Hadi, M. S., Teh, L. H. (2012). Heuristic Approach for Optimum Cost and Layout Design of 3D Reinforced Concrete Frames. Journal Of Structural Engineering, 138(7), 853-863. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000508 Stockton, D., Khalil, R., Mukhongo, L. (2013). Cost model development using virtual manufacturing and data mining: part II-comparison of data mining algorithms. International Journal Of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 66(9-12), 1389-1396. doi:10.1007/s00170-012-4416-5 Suthummanon, S., Ratanamanee, W., Boonyanuwat, N., Saritprit, P. (2011). Applying Activity-Based Costing (ABC) to a Parawood Furniture Factory. Engineering Economist, 56(1), 80-93. doi:10.1080/0013791X.2010.549936 Trkay, M., Sarao?lu, ., Arslan, M. C. (2016). Sustainability in Supply Chain Management: Aggregate Planning from Sustainability Perspective. Plos ONE, 11(1), 1-18. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147502

Sphinx Essay Research Paper BullheadedDuring this great free essay sample

Sphinx Essay, Research Paper Bull-headed During this great age of information and transit, in a universe traveling so fast that our contemplations are nil salvage a fuzz on the cosmic mirror, who has the clip logically challenge the dating of ancient memorial. Egyptologists have done the research and concluded that the memorials located in the Giza tableland can be attributed to the 4th dynasty ( 2900-2750 BC ) . Why should we blow our limited clip reinvestigating what appears to be a closed instance? Egyptologists have conclude that the constructions located at the Giza tableland can be attributed to forth dynasty Pharaoh Khufu ( big pyramid ) , Menkaure ( little pyramid ) , and latter Khafre ( sphinx and medium pyramid. ) The rock quarried to construct these buildings were brought from as far off as Tura ( casing rocks ) which is located five stat mis east, Aswan ( granite ) , and the bulk of the rock used was from the tableland itself. Egyptologists say that a bulk of the rock taken from the tableland for Khufu s pyramid originated around the current site of the Sphinx. We will write a custom essay sample on Sphinx Essay Research Paper BullheadedDuring this great or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The pyramids entombed their several Pharaoh organic structures, yet the sphinx and its next edifices have no evident intent. These memorials have changed in visual aspect since building, the pyramids holding lost their extremely polished casing s ( pilfered by Arabs after thirteenth century temblor ) , and both the pyramids and sphinx have sustained significant conditions harm. The conditions eroding nevertheless is non consistent in all constructions ; the pyramids have horizontal weathering as a consequence of drawn-out exposure to strong air currents and dust storms, while the sphinx and its next constructions have both horizontal and perpendicular harm. What could do both horizontal and perpendicular weathering? Egyptologists attribute the uneven weathering to come up groundwater motion, chemical weathering, and exfoliation. The Giza tableland has a southeasterly contour, with the Sphinx busying a place at the low prevarication, easterly border of the tableland. A figure of Egyptologists suggest that Sphinx was carved from a block left over from the quarrying undertaken by Khufu, therefore the south-easterly dip in terrain. Topographical research has proven this claim false, showing grounds that the topography of the Giza tableland was a consequence of natural procedure. The Giza country was inundated by a rush of the Mediterranean Sea during the Pliocene epoch ( 2 to 7 million old ages ago ) , ensuing in the tableland and the North and due east facing drops that surround it. Although waterless conditions have dominated most of the dynastic period of Egyptian history, wetter periods are known to hold existed, with current waterless conditions non to the full established until the terminal of the 5th dynasty. During the passage period nevertheless, waterless conditions were interrupted by seasonal rain. G ive the small flora or sub-soil screen, sporadic heavy rainfall would rapidly saturate the tableland, seeing how under the sand is stone. The H2O would flux down the sloping topography E and hit the Sphinx on the western side doing eroding. Although both western and eastern exposures of the Sphinx are the same age, eroding on the West is significantly more sever. As both archeological and climate indicate, Giza was capable to rain and rain run-off during the Forth and portion of the 5th dynasty. So this fact entirely does non, in itself, necessitate a alteration of the Sphinx s birthday. Located to the West ( acclivitous ) of the Sphinx an archeological digging revealed a 480-foot long ( twice every bit long as Sphinx ) prey filled by windblown sand. Upon entire digging, quarry letterings were found imputing it to Khufu. This big hole consisted of extremely permeable unconsolid ated sand that would hold certainly intercepted all the run-off H2O from its West, that would hold antecedently raced towards the Sphinx. This, nevertheless, lies in contradiction to the Sphinx s terrible H2O eroding on the western side. I feel this means that the building of the Sphinx pre-dates Khufu s quarrying, and subsequent pyramid. I do, nevertheless, feel that the 4th dynasty played a partial manus in the present visual aspect of the Sphinx. Khufu s replacement Djedfe, was the first Pharaoh to integrate the name Re into royal rubric. Djedfe taught that Pharaoh were populating illustrations of Gods, peculiarly Re, the Sun God. This instruction is maintained throughout all of the undermentioned dynasties. Surely by the clip Khafre, the tenet of the Pharaoh as the earthly manifestation of the Sun God had developed farther. To strengthen his correlativity with Re, he commissioned Masons and sculpturers transform the king of beasts caput to that of his ain similitude. This theory has given the recognition of the Sphinx to Khafre, and surely explains why the caput is proportionately much smaller in relation to the organic structure and significantly more preserved. Egyptologist refute that the caput was re-carved by Khafre, but concede that the caput was re-sculpted at some point in its being to resemble a Pharaoh. One such Egyptologist is Ahmed Fayed who believes that the well-known Tutankhamen ordered the face lift. If the builders where non ancient Egyptians, than who built it, and what was its intent. A cosmopolitan lingua that transcends all cultural and linguistics boundaries is the stars, or uranology and star divination. The emanation of the equinox tells us that the universe, in relation to us, invariably alterations in a expansive rhythm of 26,000 old ages. Why did these cryptic builders carve a king of beasts in the terrain confronting east? Astrologers have noted that the age of Leo began at 10,500 BC, and uranologists have calculated that a coinciding heavenly event would besides go on that twelvemonth. At morning before dawn on the twenty-four hours of the spring ( youthful ) equinox, the age of Leo would be ushered in by the heavenly king of beasts resting due east merely above the skyline, in perfect alliance with the Sphinx. Egyptologist confronted with these facts brush them off as coincidental and irrelevant, seeing as they believe the Sphinx was constructed in the Fourth dynast y. Pharaohs who build memorials expected and received congratulations for their creative activities. To continue their reign and remind people of the hereafter merely how power-full and almighty they were they adorned practically every inch of their creative activities with hieroglyphics. These hieroglyphics are found throughout all of the dynasties and on the 100s of pyramids and constructions found in Egypt, except for one. Throughout the Sphinx and its next temples non a individual in lettering, carving, or any other hieroglyphics identified Khafre, our anyone else for that affair as the Godhead. Egyptologist # 8217 ; s, true have no account for this phenomena. I feel that the field of Egyptology has a fatal defect. When confronted with grounds that does non neatly fit into their pre-conceived constructs or tenet of history, they attempt to de-bunk it. The alternate to disregarding grounds, is the prostration of a bulk of theories that they, and infinite others before them, have regarded as sacred truth. I feel that this pattern slaughters the virtuousness of objectiveness in the name of heritage and tenet. To accept the grounds above would in fact repositing this major memorial off from the Egyptian people and confer it upon a cryptic and ancient civilization. Egyptologist claim there is no grounds of this ancient civilization ; to them I present exhibit 1, the Sphinx. . 314

Medical Terminology Draft Essays

Medical Terminology Draft Essays Medical Terminology Draft Paper Medical Terminology Draft Paper In most instances of medical jobs, the knowledge of medical terminology is not only helpful it is essential to the performance of the job. Medical jargon changes with location and the entrance of new technology into the workplace. Each and every location has its personal quirks due to personnel. Medical people like to work speedily and any shortcut will be appreciated by all. In the second place, speed is essential in most medical situations. The faster personnel complete the job, the sooner the patient heals, the sooner the patient can leave the hospital, clinic or office. In the information management profession, one needs to be able to decipher the particular jargon to record the information accurately, and efficiently. Each location generates the generally known language of the specialty or situation being done plus its own local input which may or may not be generally known profession-wide. It is essential to know what is being communicated. The information must be recorded correctly for the medical record’s sake (legal) and dissemination of the information’s sake. Accurate information is necessarily needed in all medical jobs. In medical information jobs it is essential. Above all, the accuracy of the information has to be innate in any and all situations. The record may at any time be subpoenaed or called for review by anyone at any time. References cited: Retrieved March 13, 2007 from ahima. org/er/about_him_professionals. asp.

Doubt, a Play by John Patrick Shanley

Doubt, a Play by John Patrick Shanley Doubt is a drama written by John Patrick Shanley. It is about a strict nun who believes that a priest has done something terribly inappropriate to one of the students. The Setting of Doubt The play is set in the Bronx, New York in 1964, and takes place mostly in the offices of a Catholic school. Plot Overview Based upon a few circumstantial details and a lot of intuition, the stern nun, Sister Aloysius Beauvier believes that one of the priests at the St. Nicholas Catholic Church and school has been molesting a 12-year-old boy named Donald Muller, the schools only African-American student. Sister Aloysius recruits a young, naive nun (Sister James) to assist her in monitoring the suspicious yet charismatic Father Flynn. She also addresses her concerns to Donalds mother, who, surprisingly, is not horrified or even shocked by the allegations. (Mrs. Muller is more concerned about her son getting into high school and avoiding a beating from his dad.) The play concludes with a one-on-one confrontation between Sister Aloysius and Father Flynn as she attempts to get the truth out of the priest. The Character Sister Aloysius: What Does She Believe? This nun is a diligent taskmaster who firmly believes that subjects such as art and dance class are a waste of time. (She doesnt think much of history either.) She contends that good teachers are cold and cunning, creating a bit of fear within the hearts of the students. In some ways, Sister Aloysius might fit the stereotype of the angry Catholic school nun who slaps the hands of students with a ruler. However, playwright John Patrick Shanley reveals his true motives in the plays dedication: This play is dedicated to the many orders of Catholic nuns who have devoted their lives to serving others in hospitals, schools, and retirement homes. Though they have been much maligned and ridiculed, who among us has been so generous? In the spirit of the above statement, Sister Aloysius seems so harsh because she ultimately cares about the well-being of the children in her school. She is ever vigilant, as apparent in her discussion with the innocent teacher Sister James; Aloysius seems to know more about the students than the young, naive nun. Eight years before the beginning of the story, Sister Aloysius was responsible for detecting a sexual predator among the priesthood. After she went directly to the monsignor, the abusive priest was removed. (She does not indicate that the priest was arrested.) Now, Sister Aloysius suspects that Father Flynn has made a sexual advance on a 12-year-old boy. She believes that while having a private conversation, Father Flynn gave the boy wine. She doesnt state exactly what she thinks happens next, but the implication is that Father Flynn is a pedophile who must be dealt with immediately. Unfortunately, because she is a woman, she does not have the same level of authority as the priests; so instead of reporting the situation to her superiors (who will probably not listen to her), she reports her suspicions to the boys mother. During the plays finale, Aloysius and Flynn confront one another. She lies, claiming that she has heard about previous incidents from other nuns. In response to her lie/threat, Flynn resigns from the school but obtains a promotion becoming the pastor of a different institution. The Dubious Priest of Doubt The audience learns much about Father Brendan Flynn, yet most of the information is hearsay and conjecture. The early scenes which feature Flynn show him in performance mode. First, he is speaking to his congregation about dealing with a crisis of faith. His second appearance, another monologue, is delivered to the boys on the basketball team he coaches. He gives them instruction about developing a routine on the court and lectures them about their dirty fingernails. Unlike Sister Aloysius, Flynn is moderate in his beliefs about discipline and tradition. For example, Aloysius scorns the idea of secular Christmas songs such as Frosty the Snowman appearing in the churchs pageant; she argues they are about magic and therefore evil. Father Flynn, on the other hand, likes the notion of the church embracing the modern culture so that its leading members can be seen as friends and family, and not just emissaries from Rome. When he is confronted about Donald Muller and the alcohol that was on the boys breath, Father Flynn reluctantly explains that the boy was caught drinking the altar wine. Flynn promised not to punish the boy if no one else found out about the incident and if he promised not to do it again. That answer relieves the naive Sister James, but it does not satisfy Sister Aloysius. During the plays finale, when Sister Aloysius falsely tells him that nuns from other parishes have made incriminating statements, Flynn becomes very emotional. FLYNN: Am I not flesh and blood like you? Or are we just ideas and convictions. I cant say everything. Do you understand? There are things I cant say. Even if you imagine the explanation, Sister, remember there are circumstances beyond your knowledge. Even if you feel certainty, it is an emotion and not a fact. In the spirit of charity, I appeal to you. Some of these phrases, such as There are things I cant say, seem to imply a level of shame and possibly guilt. However, Father Flynn firmly claims, I have not done anything wrong. Ultimately, it is up to the audience to determine guilt or innocence, or whether or not such rulings are even possible, given the sketchy bits of evidence delivered by Shanleys drama. Did Father Flynn Do It? Is Father Flynn a child molester? The audience and readers never know. At its heart, that is the point of John Patrick Shanleys Doubt- the realization that all of our beliefs and convictions are part of a facade we build to protect ourselves. We often choose to believe in things: a persons innocence, a persons guilt, the sanctity of the church, the collective morality of society. However, the playwright argues in his preface, deep down, under the chatter we have come to a place where we know that we dont know...anything. But nobodys willing to say that. One thing seems certain by the end of the play: Father Flynn is concealing something. But who isnt?

Analysis Of The Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay

Analysis Of The Sir Gawain And The Green Knight - Essay Example The story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is based on the challenges that are made against his ethics in terms of being a knight and the changes that come with age that refine those ethical considerations. The heart of the tale begins as Arthur asks for a story to be told that would inspire him to eat his dinner. At this point, the Green Knight appears and wants to talk to Arthur. He comes to challenge the court because he wants to know whether or not the court and its knights can live up to their legend. The challenge is that one of the knights can take one swing of his giant ax and in exactly a year the Green Knight can return that swing. Sir Gawain uses the ax to cut off the Green Knight’s head when the Knight has offered his neck for the blow. For most people, this would be the end of the game, but the Green knight speaks and reminds the assembly of the deal they have struck before taking his head and riding out of the celebration. Use of the word covenant appears frequently throughout the book, creating a sense of obligation between characters in the story. When the Green Knight first faces Sir Gawain who is to be the person with whom he exchanges strokes of the ax he says â€Å"Make we our covenant ere we go further†, suggesting that the agreement is the lynchpin on which the entire ‘game’ is based (Weston 14). This creates a foundation of ethics on which the events that unfold can be examined. It is the ethical and moral character of Sir Gawain, as well as that of Arthurs court, which is being examined through honoring the idea of a covenant. There is a description of the changing of seasons that occurs within the poem. The changing of the seasons can be equated with the idea of the change that occurs over time as a person begins to mature. The seasonal changes are reflective of the cycle of life in which Sir Gawain believes he has come to an end.

Evolution of colouration in bird eggs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Evolution of colouration in bird eggs - Essay Example One key fact states that the more diversified a population becomes, the more likely it is to survive as a species. This increases its ability to occupy more territory and gain access to more sustenance, or to spread itself out and become more inconspicuous among predators. Several species of birds demonstrate this type of variation at the embryonic stage. The eggs they lay are coloured or spotted in particular ways, the complete reasons for which have been somewhat elusive to researchers for some time. In fact, birds are the only species that produce pigmented egg shells (Gosler, et al. 2005, p. 1105), and this leads scientists to believe that the pigmentation serves a discoverable purpose. Such reasons as crypsis and the prevention of parasites have been hypothesised. Other hypotheses have been based on sexual selection or on the chemical structure of the eggshell and its influence on eggshell fragility and vulnerability. Hybridization has also been suggested as a factor that influe nces egg colour. These hypotheses, though varied, have important implications on the evolution of the bird shells and can give insight into the reasons for the various pigmentations that birds' eggs carry. Safety is a very important issue for birds when it is noted that their eggs are prone to different forms of predation and parasitism. Two types of brood parasitism exist. Conspecific brood parasitism occurs when birds of similar species place their foreign eggs into the nest of a host. Interspecific brood parasitism occurs when birds of other species infiltrate the nest and place their own eggs in the clutch. This can be very dangerous to the existence of a particular avian species, since the some parasites are known to be vicious and ruthless. The most notorious of these parasites are cuckoos, and their parasitism is dangerous as they often hatch before the genuine brood and expel authentic eggs from the nest, terminating that attempt of the species to reproduce. This is truer of some species than of other, depending on the type of predation suffered by each. The great tit (Parus major), for example, does not expel parasites from its nest, and this appears to be contingent on the fact that it is not a host to the European cuckoo parasite (Gosler, Higham and Reynolds, 2005. p. 1105-6). Village weavers, on the other hand, do remove foreign eggs from their nests, and have therefore to learn the appearance of their eggs (Collias, 1993, p. 684). The implication of this fact is that the weaver eggs must have progressively developed a distinctive appearance in order to facilitate recognition. It has been observed that West African village weavers' spotted eggs have noticeable intraspecific differences, and hypotheses have been formed concerning the reasons for this. The first spots on eggs might have been achieve by one incidence of genetic mutation in the species, but this kind of spotting in weavers is now commonplace. Relying on the reasoning of the previous paragraph, it was predicted that within the weavers' clutches the diversity of colouration would be minimised in the absence of interspecific parasites and maximised in their presence. Researcher David Lahti found opportunity for an experiment involving these West African weavers in the fact that the species had

Sustainable Coffee Market Essay Example for Free

Sustainable Coffee Market Essay 1.1 Company overview Our company CoffeeTime will be established in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. This is due to the fact that the highest proportion of coffee consumption within Europe is in the Scandinavian countries, followed by the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg; it would therefore be efficient to establish the company in Rotterdam. This allows for a relatively central base with strong ties to other European countries to import/export and transport the coffee. As a company we would like to do business as sustainably and fairly as possible. Due to fair trade, we would like to help our suppliers by giving them the opportunity to produce at reasonable costs and also help ourselves by selling the coffee at reasonable prices. Fair trade also includes an educating sytem for our employees and people related to the company, such as coffeefarmers and even consumers. This system is used to prove that honest and good quality products do not need to be expensive. With this in mind there it can create a positive effect in our products which will be of benefit to everyone. The coffee will be produced and exported from Brazil to the Netherlands. Brazil was chosen due to the fact it is one of the best places in the world where coffeebeans are produced in relatively environmentally friendly circumstances. Indonesia, India, Kenia, Liberia and Mexico were further alternatives for CoffeeTime. However Brazil was chosen as it is single-handedly responsible for about a third of all the coffee in the world, as it is worlds largest coffee producer. Furthermore, there is already a Fairtrade policy applied in that area of South America by many companies, which is still ongoing and can be of benefit for the objectives of our own company. Another reason why it is attractive to do business in Brazil, is because of the logistics. Brazil has the largest port of all South America, named Port of Santos. From there on the coffee can be shipped easily to the biggest port in Europe, situated in Rotterdam where CoffeeTime have decided to establish the company. This can be seen as an advantage for both countries due to having innovation hubs. CoffeeTime wants to produce and sell the most popular coffee known on the target market; The Arabica and Robusta. However, each one of those beans can be used to provide different flavours of coffee, depending on the several techniques that are used for making coffee. 1.2 Mission and vision 1.2.1 Mission Throughout all of our business activities we want to ensure honest dealing with customers and suppliers while offering impartial advice to become the best sustainable Coffee chain. We want to use our market position of CoffeeTime to benefit our customers by offering a world class coffee experience at an affordable price. 1.2.2 Vision Treating eachother fairly can help maintaining a good relationship. CoffeeTime believes in creating an alternative way of helping the world right now and always in the future, by doing fair business from farmer to consumer. 1.3 Corporate Objectives The objectives which we stand for are related to our mission and vision as well as to benefit all stakeholders, by providing a sustainable coffee market, now and in the future; †¢ Become a leading coffee brand in order to change the market and influence Non- Fair trade coffee multinationals to go produce fairly. †¢ Focussing on improving the environmental, social and economic conditions, as well as protecting and improving the natural environment and insuring the labour rights and health of local communities. †¢ Branding CoffeeTime as a sustainable organic, Fair trade coffee brand on the market. 1.4 Keys to Success CoffeeTime has to realise that succes can only be achieved by being the best in what you do. After all, coffee is a resource intensive industry. It takes an incredible amount of energy to produce, transport, roast, deliver and brew coffee. Committed to preventing an ecological footprint, CoffeeTime will continuously strive to find new ways to restrict the impact on the environment, from production to consumption. Therefore it is of upmost importance for CoffeeTime to invest in the following: †¢ Provide an education for the farmers to help them at produce the coffee in a more optimised way. †¢ To have and keep a fair price for the coffee for everyone. †¢ To keep providing the best quality coffee. †¢ Make sure that every aspect of the product is produced in an eco-friendly way. For example, the packaging should be recycled so it can be reused wherever possible. †¢ To have good transportation by sea with providing the least harm to the enivronment due to fuel of the ship etc. †¢ Chapter 2 Product and services 2.1 Product and service description CoffeeTime will import from Brazil the finest selection of Arabica beans. In simple terms this means; Arabica is cultivated in the shade and Robusta is not. The culture of the Robusta beans are a dispensation in the culture of the traditional coffee in which coffee is cultivated under the cover of the native rain forest trees. In the 70s, a system of new farm was promoted but the result was that we’ve seen shaved forests and coffee trees planted in dense rows. These short-term farms of monoculture produced more coffee, but it had a number consequences for the environment, with soil depletion, accelerated erosion and pollution of streams. From here out CoffeeTime will produce a number of different flavours, such as extra strong, strong, regular, decaf etc. Producers are forced not to overuse pesticides or insecticides. In fact, 70% of Fair Trade products come from organic agriculture. This approach to sustainable development is supported by the explicit prohibition of the use of GMOs in products. Part of the price paid by the final customer represents a premium (between 5 and 10% of the price paid by the consumer). The latter is used collectively for social projects of various natures that benefit not only small farmers but also their families and the environment. The cooperative may decide to invest in a training program on organic farming, build a school or hospital, to restore a drive or set up a transport service. 2.2 Competitive Comparison The four major roasters Kraft, Nestlà ©, Procter Gamble and Sara Lee have little reflected this decline but profit margins remain high: Nestlà © makes a margin estimated at 26% of the instant coffee. The benefits of Sara Lee’s coffee are estimated at almost 17%, which represents a very high figure compared to other brands of food and drinks. 2.3 Sales Literature If people are sensitive to the approach and initiative, they will adhere to it quite naturally. The Sales aim is to target the niche market and to propose to our clients a wider offer which also corresponds to both modes of consumption in different social classes. Additionally, by selling our products we will not only provide a flavoursome product, but also inform customers about the product itself and how it is made. In Brazil, the production of coffee will not harm the environment ,(organic, wild harvest, farming) and it is important for our customers to know this . This method will therefore allow the customers of CoffeeTime to be involved in the process and feel valued as a consequence. The import of coffee from Brazil will be done in the most direct way possible to avoid costly middlemen, allowing to better pay artisans and producers. 2.4 Sourcing and fulfilment Part of the price paid by the final customer represents a premium (between 5 and 10% of the price paid by the consumer). The latter is used collectively for social projects of various natures that benefit not only small farmers but also their families and the environment. The cooperative may decide to invest in a training program on organic farming, build a school or hospital, to restore a drive or set up a transport service. 2.5 Technology The technology used by the company will include the use of partially automated selecting machines which will allow for increased production capacity with a lower machine-to-operator. Additional storage capabilities will decrease shipping charges and will reduce the need for permanent shipping employees. High-technology information system upgrades will improve all aspects of business, especially inventory control, tracking of shipments, and communication with clients in import and export countries. 2.6 Future Products and Services In the future CoffeeTime will develop and produce a number of different types and flavours of coffee. In addition to Arabica and Robusta, we will also import from Liberia the Liberica coffee. The Coffee Liberica tree grows up to 9 metres in height, producing larger cherries than those found on Coffea Arabica trees. This coffee was brought to Indonesia to replace the Arabica trees killed by the coffee rust disease at the end of the 19th century. It can still be found in parts of Central and East Java today.The Liberica coffee will also be produced in different strengths and varieties of coffee. Chapter 3 Market Analysis Summary 3.1 Market research According to the Daily Dutch News, the Netherlands is one of the countries with the highest coffee consumption in the world. The Dutch are also world leader in sustainable coffee drinking. About half of the consumed coffee is sustainable. On the average the Dutch drink almost 150 litres of coffee per year and about three cups a day. The branded coffee shop market in the Netherlands saw a growth of 27 per cent in outlet numbers in October 2011. The market forecasts a growth of 13 per cent per annum until 2014. We see a huge advantage in the Dutch coffee market. There is a huge demand for our sustainable coffee and CoffeeTime would like to satisfy this need. However, there are a number of competitors in the market such as the Dutch market leader Douwe Egberts.[1] 2 3.2 Market targets As a company who sells coffee, the main target audience of CoffeeTime are coffee consumers and consumers of warm drinks. Considering that coffee is not suitable for children, our target group consists from young adults (age 18) to the elderly (everyone above 18). There are many under aged Dutch citizens who also drink coffee, but as coffee is actually meant for adults it will be also treated and promoted by our company as such. Coffee is a product which is drunk by all genders and classes and in all work fields. In fact, the majority of our target group drinks coffee during work. Most consumers still buy their coffee in supermarkets, therefore is it important that our coffee is available in supermarkets such as; Albert Hein, Plus, C1000 and Bas van der Heiden. 3 3.3 Environmental/ industry analysis When sustainable coffee was introduced, the average consumer had a vague notion that the quality of sustainable products was acceptable. When companies started to offer it the Dutch consumers went along with the choice of the companies, rewarding them by remaining faithful to their brand. In recent years, the sustainable coffee market share in the Netherlands has risen rapidly. Nearly half of the consumed coffee in the Netherlands is produced in a sustainable way. According to the report Zuivere Koffie (Pure Coffee) from Oxfam Novib, 45% of all coffee which is consumed by the Dutch people is sustainably produced. 40% of all coffee in the Netherlands is UTZ CERTIFIED.[2] Sustainability is important in the Dutch coffee market. Many players of the sector, roasters, supermarkets, but also NGOs and the Dutch government have been long working together on raising consumer awareness and increasing the share of sustainably produced coffee. The Royal Netherlands Coffee and Tea Association (KNVKT) decided to give a collective boost to move towards sustainability. They are doing this by consolidating their commitment in a Declaration of Intent. The Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Agriculture, several semi-governmental platforms, certifiers, sustainability initiatives and NGOs including UTZ CERTIFIED do support this. It is expected that three quarters of the Dutch coffee supply will be sustainable by 2015. [3]

Catcher in the Rye Essay: The Importance of Language -- Catcher Rye Es

The Importance of Language in The Catcher in the Rye   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye has captured the spirit of adolescence, dramatizing Holden Caulfield's vulgar language and melodramatic reactions. Written as the autobiographical account of a fictional teenage prep school student named Holden Caulfield, The Catcher in the Rye deals with material that is socially scandalous for the time (Gwynn, 1958). As an emotional, intelligent, and sensitive young man, Holden puts his inner world to the test through the sexual mores of his peers and elders, the teachings of his education, and his own emerging sense of self. Throughout the years, the language of the story has startled readers. Salinger's control of Holden's easy, conversational manner makes the introduction of these larger themes appear natural and believable. (Bloom, 1990).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the time of the novel, and even today, Holden's speech rings true to the colloquial speech of teenagers. Holden, according to many reviews in the Chicago Tribune, the New Yorker, and the New York Times, accurately captures the informal speech of an average intelligent, educated, northeastern American adolescent (Costello, 1990). Such speech includes both simple description and blatant cursing. For example, Holden says, "They're nice and all", as well as "I'm not going to tell you my whole goddam autobiography or anything." In the first instance, he uses the term "nice" which oversimplifies his parents' character. This wording of his phrase implies that he does not wish to disrespect them, yet at the same time he does not intend to praise them. At best he deems them as "nice and all." Holden further cuts short his description, but in a more curt manner, when he stat... ...nage angst is apparent, Salinger carefully crafted Holden's vocabulary to create a character who would be believable. As Holden's vocabulary and outlook on life demonstrate his character as a fictional persona, the realistic flavor of his vocabulary mixed with emotion unfailingly ties him to the harsh realities of adolescence and the youth of his time.    Works Cited Bloom, HB. Major Literary Characters: Holden Caulfield. Chelsea House Publishers. New York, 1990. Costello, DP. The Language of the Catcher in the Rye. Holden Caulfield. Cambridge, New York; Cambridge University Press, 1990. Gwynn, F. The Fiction of JD Salinger. University of Pittsburg Press. 1958 Salinger, JD. The Catcher in the Rye, Little, Brown and Co. Boston, 1951. Salzman, J. The American Novel: New Essays on the Catcher in the Rye. Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Kfc in China Essay

Is Tony Wang correct in assuming that China is an ideal market for KFC? Should KFC be pursuing the Chinese market at the present time? Considering China as a strategic location was based from a SWOT analysis. Availability of Supply (Strength) There is ready access of quality poultry in the major metropolitan areas such as Shanghai, Guangzhou and Beijing. Poultry industry is one of the top priority categories in China’s agriculture modernization and it is highly encourage by the government. Thus, the company can ensure a reliable supply of high quality chicken. Low Competitive Pressure (Strength) Potential competitors such as MacDonald’s face major barriers to enter the China market due to poor beef supply while KFC, aside from availability of high quality chicken supply, has the clear advantage since its main product-chicken- is eaten almost everywhere in the world. Furthermore, chicken is already familiar in China and even much cheaper. Company’s Control Measures (Strength) KFC s control mechanisms are designed to ensure standard levels of quality, service and cleanliness (QSC) at all of the restaurant’s chain stores. This fits the positive image in Asia of American fast food restaurants as famous, air-conditioned, and hygienic. Product Consumption (Strength) Chicken has long been regarded as a kind of nutritious food, which is especially good for the patients, the elders and children. An increase in health conscious consumers also raises the consumption of chicken. Moreover, chicken is a more popular meal than hamburgers in most Asian countries and KFC has the opportunity to offer an American style experience that is different from most other food establishments. Drawing Area (Opportunity) In late 1978, China began implementing economic reforms to modernize its economy by lessening the government’s control of the economy. This reform referred as a socialist market economy boosted the national wealth and the consequent increase in individual’s income has led to steady changes in Chinese consumer patterns prevalent in pre-Mao era. As the world’s most populous nation with over 1 billion inhabitants, the potential size and growth for KFC makes the Chinese market very attractive. Not to mention, the possibility of establishing the first Western style fast-food operation in China as a historic opportunity for the company. Scarce Human Resources (Weakness) Managerial resources are precious because of the scarcity of Chinese-speaking KFC managers. There are also possible conflicts between KFC-appointed managers and local employees. Lack of Local connections (Weakness) Pioneering in the fast-food field would find KFC very difficult to form local and personal networks between businesses and government agencies, which are crucial in providing access to the local market and domestic suppliers and eventually, to the company’s success. Entering into a relatively unknown market, KFC, as a new entrant will have to get in touch with the local business customs and laws as well as with knowledge of culture and language. Quality of Government (Threat) A communist government with strict foreign investment laws rules China. Setting up here requires heavy investment expenses and high levels of resource commitment. The risk of domestication measures may be imposed by the host government, often leading to major financial losses for the foreign investor. Overcoming Threats and Weaknesses KFC has three options of entering the China market thru, namely: Franchising, Wholly owned subsidiary and Joint venture. The traditional franchising strategy, in markets where political risk and cultural unfamiliarity exists, certainly would reduce financial risks. However, KFC had already encountered problems in the past with the aligning of corporate planning with the franchisee’s short-term focus on profitability. In addition, KFC will be pioneering in the fast-food service and thus needs to be highly sensitive to cultural demands. In such case, franchising is not feasible. On the other hand, a wholly owned subsidiary would rely upon total control over competitive advantages and ensures complete operational and strategic control. It also involves high financial risk and little country-level flexibility and responsiveness. This option is not recommended. Entering into a joint venture is highly recommended. Such an international business strategy will attempt to solve many logistics problems such as access to good quality chicken and other supplies, ease the access to Chinese market, share risk with a local entity, utilize ways to cut bureaucratic red-tape and finally, serve as a sign of commitment to the host government increasing goodwill. In addition, due to the complexity of many barriers to entry into China, a potential partner with sufficient contacts or networks with the government officials may smoothen the process of setting-up operations in the country. The potential joint-venture partner should be large, well established, provide excellent distribution channels and have personal network access to government officials. It is recommended that a partner be found by backward integration- that is, a good domestic supplier of poultry. In order to ensure total commitment, the set-up of the joint venture should be with KFC as the dominant partner. This way, cost, quality and strategic control measures are maintained. By building on each partner’s core competencies, knowledge, and efficiencies, a mutually beneficial synergy effect could be achieved as a result of joint venture activities. For instance, the local partner can learn from KFC how to produce a better product at a lower cost and further expand on its new competitive positioning. KFC, on the other hand, can maintain quality supply, which is critical to its success. RECOMMENDATION: The Chinese market represents a great opportunity for KFC where Tony Wang is correct in his assumptions. By finding an appropriate domestic business partner via backward integration, it is possible to further build on opportunities and significantly reduce risk throughout financial sharing, cultural sensitivity and favorable treatment from the host government. KFC should start pursuing this strategy at the present time and develop a coherent international strategy linking the China operations with the other markets. Which of the three cities being investigated should the company choose if it decides to enter China? The capital city, Beijing, is recommended as the preferred location for KFC’s entry into the Chinese market. Beijing is the center for most political activities and provides the necessary access to government agencies and business regulatory bodies. Also, it has a large population of nearly 9 million inhabitants. The numerous universities located in the city contributes to more affluent and educated people that may make them more open to foreign ideas including Western fast-food. More importantly, plenty of Western tourists are attracted to Beijing’s many tourist attractions, increasing the potential for generating foreign currency sales. Furthermore, supplies of poultry are readily available. Beijing can serve as the initial platform of KFC’s operations and later expand into other potential areas such as Shanghai and Guangzhou. One or two initial outlets should be set-up to get an insight of how KFC will be perceived in the Chinese capital. Both dine-in and take-out facilities much in line with most KFC’s international operations ought to be offered in large, clean and well-serviced outlets to cater for the customers with above-average disposable incomes. In order to serve large numbers of customers due to the sheer size of the population, the right cultural fit of the business restaurants must be highly functional and effective. Special menu-substitutions may also have to be facilitated to cater to consumers taste for traditional Chinese meals. Lessons Learned Capitalizing on Strengths and Opportunities In the initial period of KFC’s entry into China market, few of Chinese onsumers were really impressed with the food itself since the country is known to have the best culinary culture in the world. Instead, they were more fascinated with the eating experience: the encounter with friendly employees, quick service, spotless floors climate-controlled and brightly-lit dining areas, and smiling Colonel Sanders standing in front of the main gate. Having experienced the initial surprises brought by a never-seen western lifestyle, Chinese consumers have gradually calmed down and their consumption attitudes towards foreign products are getting more reasonable. Since Chinese people are more concerned with the nutrition and tastes of the fast food, KFC taken advantage of McDonald’s. By offering poultry food that is more acceptable to Chinese people compared with beef, have taken consumers needs and competition with other brands into account. Knowing the market The most prominent success of KFC in China is not only the outcome of KFC’s persistent tenets â€Å"quality, service and cleanliness† but also the achievements of its keen perception of cross-cultural marketing and its understanding of Chinese culture. Based on its scrutiny and adoption of Chinese traditional culinary arts, KFC has developed a series of products that are specially designed for the tastes of Chinese consumers. Moreover, in purpose of maintaining its image of a U. S. brand and keeping consistent with its globalization strategy, most of KFC s Chinese side dishes are defined as short-term products and would be replaced by new products. KFC’s product strategies are categorized into two aspects: 1)To meet consumers desire for novelty by introducing western style products like Mexican Chicken Warp and New Orleans Barbeque Wings. This means can satisfy young consumers who are more open and acceptable to the foreign flavors. 2)To cater to consumers taste for traditional Chinese meal by offering Chinese style fast food from time to time, say, Old Beijing Chicken Roll, a wrap modeled after the way Peking duck is served, but with fried chicken inside and accompanied with green onions and hoi sin sauce, and Sichuan Spicy Chicken which absorbs the spicy flavor of Sichuan dish. This measure can attract older consumers who are fond of Chinese food and in need of the convenience of fast food service as well.

Assessment of the Interactive Behavior Style

According to the DISC Platinum Rule Assessment, the â€Å"Interactive† behavior style defines people who are highly focused on other people. They love being around groups and they are fond of being involved in groups. They are generally extroverts and they do not like to be alone. They love working with other people. And they are very sociable. According to the assessment, people who are â€Å"interactive† get their motivation from being around other people. Their ultimate goal is to get other people’s recognition. They want to earn applause, acceptance, and complements.If recognition from other people is not present, they will ultimately lose their interest in whatever they are doing. Their drive to strive for their goals comes from other people. Most of the time, their ultimate goal is to earn to be appreciated. As for their decision making and their lifestyles, people categorized under the â€Å"interactive† behavior are very fast paced. They do not lik e routines. They are very spontaneous. Because of their liveliness, they usually want to do a lot of things all at the same time. Even if they are still involved with one activity, they jump to another task. That is why they often end up so disorganized.Aside from disliking everyday habitual activities, interactive people also don’t like facts. They do not like details. Instead, they generalize information. They base their conclusions on â€Å"guesstimates† than on highly objective and empirical data. That is why they often exaggerate. Interactive people also work well with others. Because they are sociable, they usually tend to attract the attention of others. They also have the ability to motivate others in order to work towards a common goal that they also pursue. They are perfect for those professions and careers that require excellent rapport with other people.They should be in the field of sales, entertainment, public relations, social welfare, and the like. Appl ication of Strengths and Weaknesses Just like what the assessment states, I am optimistic. I see life as an opportunity to do various activities. I am positive and cheerful. Everyday, my greatest accomplishment seems to stem from fulfilling one or two lively activities. Even if there is really nothing to do outside, I make it a point to go out and to look for something that I can occupy myself with. I love being around other people and that is probably why I value my friends so much.I also like going to parties and other social activities. I make it a point to form new friends despite the fact that I already have many acquaintances. Whenever I go to social gatherings, I make it a point to meet a new friend. I am one of those few people that you cannot alienate even if you expose me to groups of people that I do not know. I am also persuasive and very motivating. I can easily talk my friends into doing something I believe is terrific. In addition to that, I am very enthusiastic. I th ink it is a total waste of time to be lying around and doing nothing.I love engaging in various activities, even those which I am not very familiar with. I am passionate about living life to the fullest. However, because I do love engaging in many activities, I often become careless primarily because I am often preoccupied with so many things all at the same time. This is also probably the reason why I often end up being disorganized. My initially planned schedule for the day often gets tangled with the other activities that I usually want to slip in it. Analysis of the behavior assessment The analysis seems to be quite accurate in describing the prime motivators, strengths, and weaknesses of a person.The data yielded is very useful primarily because it was very thorough in describing the assessed person. It includes the possible conflicts associated with his set of strengths and weaknesses, as well as the possible steps that can be taken to solve such conflicts. The data provided i n the assessment can largely contribute to overall self-improvement. Understanding your tendencies and gaining insight on your personality can improve rapport and communication with other people. It can predict job performance and potential leadership skills (Kierstead, 1998). It can also be used in understanding the personalities of other people.In a personal case, it can help one concentrate on his strengths while altering his weaknesses. However, it should be noted that people should not confine their identities to the discussed test results (Carey,2004). Also, I have noticed that some characteristics of a particular behavior type often overlap some of the traits of the other types. Though the delineation between the types is often very obvious in the initial description, the question of exclusivity between the characteristics can be observed in the specific details of the subtypes of the behavior assessment.Also, although the results of the assessments are quite accurate, it sho uld be noted that people should not confine their self concept with the descriptions provided by behavioral evaluation, no matter how elaborate they are. Regardless of how complete and concise the assessment results are, people should realize that the results were based on a personality evaluation taken during a certain period of time at a certain moment in a person’s life. In simple terms, it is relatively an accurate assessment of someone’s here and now.It should be noted that people are rapidly evolving beings that can radically alter their behavior and personality over time, based on the set of experiences and challenges that come their way. A person with an interactive behavior type can transform into one who has a cautious or dominant behavior after having one of those life changing experiences or major life turn points. Basically, a technical generalization of the personalities of men should not be regarded as the sole indicator of how a person should be interpr eted.It should not be sued as a basis of what kind of people should one get along with. Confining your analysis of people into four types or sixteen subtypes can greatly promote stereotyping. As such, these should not be used as the sole basis of interaction with other people. In order to ascertain the adaptability and the efficiency of this behavior evaluation, such forms of assessments should be taken regularly in order to form comprehensive and accurate concepts of one’s self.

Valentines Day Activities and Craft Ideas for College Students

Valentines Day Activities and Craft Ideas for College Students Love is in the air Valentines day is coming, and you have no idea how to make this day special for you and your significant other? Or even worse: you have a very limited budget for celebration. Dont worry, we have your back. Weve gathered the best ideas for inexpensive activities and also for DIY gifts that say â€Å"I Love You.† Spending Valentines Day with the One You Love If you want to spend Valentine’s day with your beloved one, take a look at some Valentine’s day ideas of activities that will suit this romantic holiday. Besides, these activities won’t cost you much, so they are perfect for college students on a budget who want to arrange a little holiday just for two. Cooking dinner together Cooking dinner together is a perfect way to build trust and intimacy. Pasta, lasagna or a sweet dessert will work the best. Make sure you shop for all ingredients beforehand to avoid crazy crowds in a market. And don’t forget about scented candles for this romantic evening. Picnic Picnics are so romantic! Do you think that you can’t set up a picnic because of the snowy weather outside? Then make a picnic on the floor in your room. A few blankets, cozy pillows and tasty dinner with wine and good music will make this evening magic and sweet. Source: Instagram Movie evening A great way to celebrate Valentine’s day is to watch a movie or even a few of them. You can take your girlfriend or boyfriend to a movie theater or watch films on Netflix. Take a look at our list of the best movies for Valentine’s day: Dirty Dancing (1987) Pretty Woman (1990) Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994) Love, Actually (2003) Easy A (2010) And don’t forget to buy some popcorn! Source: Depositphotos Cozy boardgame evening Another staying-at-home activity will be an excellent option for those who don’t want to spend too much money or go out. Just make sure you choose a game for two players: Sherlock Holmes Consulting Detective Hive 7 Wonders Duel Crusaders: Thy Will be Done A little competition won’t hurt. Special places Do you and your partner have a â€Å"special place?† It’s the perfect time to visit it. Was it a park you met in or even a train station you had your first kiss at? Go and remind yourself of these precious moments. Source: Cunningham Farms Art classes Pottery and painting classes are excellent therapy and relaxation. Moreover, holding hands together while making pottery on a wheel is the sweetest thing ever! Party Okay, a party doesn’t really seem like a romantic activity, but it’s a great way to spend this day with your girlfriend or boyfriend and other couples in a friendly and funny atmosphere. Themed parties can be organized for any holiday. So, if you’re a party person, host a great party for all of your friends. DIY and Crafting Ideas We love DIYs! And do you? No matter what the occasion is, crafting activities are always entertaining and relaxing. You can prepare gifts yourself or make it an excellent activity for the two of you. We have a whole bunch of cute valentines day ideas for him and her. Cards Source: Pinterest Source: LiaGriffith Valentine’s day cards are pretty pricey when you shop for them in pre-holiday time. But you can make them yourself without spending even an hour of your time. You will need some paper or paperboard, printed designs, markers, and glue. A punch A tasty punch will be an excellent choice for a holiday party or a cozy evening for you and your sweetheart. To make your own punch, you will need some juice, soda, fruits, ice cubes, and a big bowl. Source: Look What I Made Source: Pinterest A surprise box Do you have a gift but don’t know how to present it to your beloved one? A surprise box is a perfect way to make even the simplest gift look like a whole festive ceremony. You will need a big box, balloons, helium, confetti, wrapping paper, and glitter. Put glitter into the balloons and fill them with helium. Decorate your box with wrapping paper, put your gift, confetti, and balloons inside the box, and tape it on the top. Ask your girlfriend or boyfriend to open the box, to make balloons float and find a present on the bottom of the box among confetti. Source: Pinterest Homemade candies Candies are the first thing that comes to mind when speaking about the romantic holiday. If you want to surprise your boyfriend or girlfriend, you can make candies yourself. Use bananas, marshmallows, strawberries, and nuts to dip them in melted chocolate. Let them cool in a fridge, and here you have a tasty dessert for your beloved one. Source: KraftRecipes Source: Cool Mom Eats DIY candles Source: Wonderful DIY Melt some wax or candles you have at home, pour it into ice cube forms of heart shapes covered with a thin layer of oil and place a wick in the center. After the wax is hard, you can take your candles and lit them up. Fun and easy! Or follow easy steps from DIY video tutorials. Hope you liked our ideas of Valentine’s crafts for adults and students. Don’t worry if you have to spend Valentine’s day alone, we have some ideas for a perfect day of fun for singles.

Quotes From William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet

Quotes From William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet,  one of Shakespeares iconic tragedies,  is a play about star-crossed lovers, their romance doomed from the start. It is one of the most famous plays of the English Renaissance, consistently taught and staged at high schools and colleges. As their families feud to the death, Romeo and Juliet, the two young lovers, are caught between disparate worlds. The unforgettable play is filled with fights, secret marriages, and untimely deaths–along with some of Shakespeares most famous lines. Love and Passion The romance of Romeo and Juliet is perhaps the most famous in all of literature. The young lovers, despite their families objections, will do anything to be together, even if they must meet in secret. During their private rendezvous, the characters give voice to some of Shakespeares most romantic speeches. What sadness lengthens Romeos hours? / Not having that, which, having, makes them short. / In love? / Out / Of love? Out of her favor, where I am in love. [Act 1, Scene 1] One fairer than my love? The all-seeing sun / Neer  saw her match since first the world begun. [Act 1, Scene 2] Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight! / For I neer saw true beauty till this night. [Act 1, Scene 5] My bounty is as boundless as the sea / My love as deep; the more I give to thee, / The more I have, for both are infinite. [Act 2, Scene 2] Good Night, Good night! Parting is such sweet sorrow, that I shall say good night till it  be  morrow. [Act 2, Scene 2] See, how she leans her cheek upon her hand! /  O that I  were  a glove upon that hand, /  that I might touch that cheek! [Act 2, Scene 2] These violent delights have violent ends / And in their triumph die, like fire and powder, / Which as they kiss consume. [Act 2, Scene 3] Family and Loyalty Shakespeares young lovers come from two families–the Montagues and the Capulets–that are sworn enemies of each other. The clans  have kept alive their ancient grudge for years. In their love for each other, Romeo and Juliet have each betrayed their family name. Their story shows what happens when this sacred bond is broken. What, drawn, and talk of peace? I hate the word, / As I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee. [Act 1, Scene 1] O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo? / Deny thy father and refuse thy name. / Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love / And Ill no longer be a Capulet. [Act 2, Scene 2] â€Å"Whats in a name? that which we call a rose  /  By any other name would smell as sweet.†Ã‚  [Act 2, Scene 2] A plague o both your houses! [Act 3, Scene 1] Fate From the very beginning of the play, Shakespeare announces Romeo and Juliet as a story of destiny and fate. The young lovers are star-crossed, doomed to ill fortune, and their romance can only end in tragedy. The play unfolds with an inevitability reminiscent of Greek tragedy, as forces in motion slowly crush the young innocents who try to defy them. Two households, both alike in dignity  /  In fair Verona, where we lay our scene  /  From ancient grudge break to new mutiny  /  Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.  /  From forth the fatal loins of these two foes  /  A pair of star-crossd lovers take their life  /  Whose misadventured piteous overthrows  /  Do with their death bury their parents strife.†Ã‚  [Prologue] This days black fate on more days doth depend: / This but begins the woe others must end. [Act 3, Scene 1] â€Å"Oh, I am fortunes fool!†Ã‚  [Act 3, Scene 1]

Emergency Medicine Concepts and Principles Research Paper

Emergency Medicine Concepts and Principles - Research Paper Example Emergencies – Emergencies, on the other hand are events which usually threaten public health, safety, and welfare (Department of Environmental Management, n.d). These incidents differ from each other in terms of size, location, and their causes, as well as impact; however, despite these considerations, they usually all impact negatively on the environment. Emergencies are also considered as unexpected events which impact negatively on the lives and properties of people, and eventually they prompt the use of community emergency and routine responses as well as procedures (Emergency Management Institute, n.d). Examples for emergencies include: forest fires, outbreaks of diseases, road blocking landslides, and floods covering towns and farms (Central Coast Center Independent Living, n.d). In Australia, in the two landslides which occurred from 1939 to 2007, about 28 individuals were killed and 101 other individuals significantly impacted (CRED, 2007). Wildfires numbering 28 were seen from 1939 to 2007, this caused the death of 300 people, and caused damages amounting to about 1.2 million US dollars (CRED, 2007). Disasters – Disasters are â€Å"a condition or situation of significant destruction, disruption and/or distress to a community† (Emergency Management Australia (2004, p. ix). In a similar vein, the United Nations (1992) consider disasters to be incidents which seriously interrupt the normal activities of society as they cause significant human and environmental losses – more than what can normally be handled by the community resources. Beachley (2005) enumerated the following as disasters: floods, extreme range of temperatures, epidemics, multiple car crashes, and environmental contamination through chemical agents. In... There are various principles and concepts which define and govern disasters and emergencies. Basically, disasters and emergencies are unexpected events which have a significant effect on various individuals and large communities. These disasters impact significantly on the lives of many people. They bring about physical as well as psychological effects. Emergency management helps authorities cope with these disasters and it helps people recover and prepare for these emergencies. Emergency management is important because most communities face a persistent hazard and risk for losses from emergencies and disasters. These hazards may come in the form of natural threats like floods, cyclones, earthquakes, and tsunamis; it also includes technological hazards like chemical, biological, and radiological threats. Australia is situated in an earthquake prone region which it at a continuous threat from earthquakes and tsunamis, as well as volcanic eruptions. It is also in a region likely to be hit by storms which lead to floods and landslides. It s humid temperature also places it at a higher risk for suffering bushfires. With adequate planning and coordination, the prevention and management of these incidents are ensured. The prepared communities are communities which have managed to make the necessary plans for these emergencies. The systems in this community are coordinated and the local as well as national agencies are linked with each other. With these plans in place, it is possible for people and communities to minimise the impact of disasters and emergencies.

Practicum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Practicum - Essay Example Therefore, governments take great steps to enhance the GDP of their country. Money flowing into different industries of a country eventually translates into an increased GDP and higher economic results. One of the industries of a country that needs to flourish is the Tourism Industry. The reason is that this industry attracts the money of foreign investors or residents, and it flows in the financial system of the country that is providing tourism opportunities. This rule is not an exception in the case of Australia. Australia’s tourism activities range from accommodations and car hires to cruise operation and theme parks and major attraction operations. In the year 2005-2006, private businesses spent $840 million on the marketing of tourism related activities; this was a 9.9% increase over year 2003-2004 marketing expenditure. Among this, most of the expenses were accounted to marketing targeted at the domestic travelers (74%), compared to international travelers which accumulated up to 26%1. In the year ended 2009, the industry experienced an Internal Consumption of $92,003 Million, comprising primarily of International consumption of $23,546 Million and a domestic consumpt ion of $68,456 Million. The figures also show that more focus is given to domestic travelers relative to international holiday makers. The total direct tourism inflow to the GDP in the system came out to be $32,828 Million in 20092. The tourism contributed a total of 2.6% of the GDP in the year ended 2009; which was a decrease of 0.2% compared to the previous year. The reason behind this was that the Australian economy boosted up, and more people travelled overseas rather than internally, which created a plunge in the value of Tourism industry. Australian economy basically measures the effect of tourism activities by the demand that is created by the travelers and the tourism products and services by the domestic producers. The biggest

Week 2 #2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 2 #2 - Coursework Example Secondly, the internal pay equity creates a good sensible business; thus improving the firm’s retention of its top performers and maximize its chances of hiring a top talent in the industry. Therefore, failure to manage the internal pay equity can result in losing employees to other companies and creates disloyalty among the employees (Kramar & Syed, 2012). The external pay equity management is also important for company’s success. Employers are expected to manage carefully determine the appropriate markets. Therefore, the management of the appropriate markets helps in having accurate external wage comparison. Thus, this reduces unnecessary payments in some areas (Kramar & Syed, 2012). For instance, a narrow determination of a market can lead to wage that higher that is expected. Therefore, employee inequity and equity perception are equally significant, and companies should consider as it sets its compensation objectives (Perkins & Perkins, 2011). Employees perceiving equitable pay treatment can be more motivated in supporting the company goals of performing better. In conclusion, about compensation, fairness is reached when pay is equal to work performed

Personal Reflection on Learning Outcomes of Professional Practice

Personal Reflection on Learning Outcomes of Professional Practice In order to reflect upon my learning throughout this module, I will identify and critically discuss three Module Learning outcomes that reflect the range of possible issues of the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Proficiencies (2004). I will then identify appropriate literature and reflect on my learning and experience. This will enable me to identify personal strengths and areas for further development. The first learning outcome is: Recognise the importance of reflective practice and understand the process of reflection. The second outcome chosen is: Discuss the difference between data and information?. The third outcome is: Demonstrate appropriate non-verbal and verbal skills, including the use of silence, open and closed questions and summarising, to gather information. *Please note that the names of the patients mentioned in this essay have been changed in order to protect their identity for confidentiality reasons. 1 Recognise the importance of reflective practice and understand the process of reflection This outcome relates to the NMC Proficiency of Demonstrate the responsibility for ones own learning through the development of a Record of Achievement of practice and recognise when further learning is required. Reflection is a new method of learning for me. With regard to nursing, the term reflection and reflective practice has been defined by many academics, resulting in various models and theories being developed. The Oxford Mini-dictionary for Nurses (2008) describes reflection as the careful consideration of personal actions, including the ability to review, analyse and evaluate situations during or after events. It is an essential part of the learning process that will result in new methods of approaching and understanding nursing practice. Johns (2000) defines reflection as a window through which the practitioner can view and focus self within the context of his/her own lived experience in ways that enable him/her to confront, understand and work towards resolving the contradictions within his/her practice between what is desirable and actual practice. Schon (1983) proposed that reflection occurs on action or in action. The first occurs after the incident whereas the latter occurs during the incident and is said to be the hallmark of the experienced professional (Somerville Keeling, 2004). The more traditional theories and models base reflection on critical incidents. Love (1996) states that a critical incident does not have to be negative or dramatic but should provide deep thought and raise a professional issue. Gibbs (1988) developed The Reflective Cycle. The model divides the reflective process into sections; Description, Feelings, Evaluation, Analysis, Conclusion and Action Plan (see Appendix 1). Johns (2000) developed a Model of Structured Reflection (MSR) (see Appendix 2) As with Gibbs (1988) Reflective Cycle, the MSR uses a series of questions to guide an individual through the reflective process. Johns model is based on five cue questions; Description, Reflection, Influencing Factors, Could I have dealt with it better? and Learning. The volume of studies and models on reflection demonstrates the value that is placed on this tool. Newell (1992) described the process of reflection to be a cornerstone of nursing professionalism. Gustafsson and Fagerberg (2004) support the notion that reflection is a vital tool and advantageous in terms of the improvement of a nurses professional development and patient care. Many consider journal writing to be an effective reflection strategy (Johns 2000; Paterson, 1995; Cameron Mitchell, 1993; Lauterbach Becker, 1996). Journal writing is considered to offer writers the opportunity to become participants/observers of their own learning, to describe a significant experience and to reflect on that experience to see what they can learn from having had it (Weisberg and Duffin, 1995). While in clinical practice, I have written a journal of my experiences. I recognise its value to aid reflection as I feel that the act of writing things down is important. This is supported by Somerville and Keeling (2004). To demonstrate my understanding of reflective practice, I will now reflect on an incident that occurred while on placement when I was feeding a patient, named Tom*. I will utilise Gibbs (1988) model as this is my first experience of using reflection and feel that it is concise and appropriate at this stage. Tom had dementia and had recently suffered a stroke, which had left him confined to bed. As Tom had difficulty feeding himself, I offered to assist him; he smiled, agreed and appeared to recognise me. Halfway through the meal, Tom became agitated and asked if the food was mackerel. I told him that it was turkey. He shouted aggressively that he wanted mackerel and then became verbally abusive towards me. I was unable to calm him so I left the room with an assurance that I would be back soon. I then asked a senior nurse for help. This was the first time that I had fed a patient but felt comfortable. I knew Tom well and felt that I had built up a rapport with him. I was pleased that he seemed happy and relaxed. When he shouted I felt shocked, worried and conscious of other peoples reactions; they may think that I had done something wrong. Even though Tom was disabled he did have some use of one arm so I was afraid that he might become violent. I was upset that I had to stop feeding him and leave the room. When I left I felt relieved but also anxious that I may have contributed to the way Tom was feeling. When evaluating and analysing the incident, I was pleased initially with the way the task started as on admission he had a poor appetite. The negative side of the situation was that Tom became angry and didnt finish his meal. I realise that dementia is a complex progressive illness and there may be times when a patient experiences sudden mood changes. I believe that I would now do things differently if a similar situation arose. With hindsight, I questioned whether I should have just agreed with Tom that the turkey was mackerel then this incident may not have occurred. However, this raises ethical issues such as whether it can be acceptable to not tell the truth. A report published by the Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2009) discusses the ethics of dementia care and states that ethical dilemmas arise on a daily basis for all those providing care for people with dementia. Research suggests that challenging someone with dementia could be detrimental and cause unnecessary distress (Shellenberger, 2004). Naomi Feil developed validation therapy between 1963 and 1980 as a technique to communicate with patients with dementia by recognising and accepting their view of reality of people with dementia in order to provide them with empathy and respect (The Validation Training Institute, Inc). In the future I could use this technique; for exa mple, when Tom asked if it was mackerel he was eating I could have replied by asking him if he liked mackerel which would have avoided giving a direct answer. With regard to strengths and areas of development, I feel that I have reflected successfully on this incident. However I would like to strive to reflect in action as opposed to on action as this is the most effective. In terms of development, I believe that it would be beneficial to patients and myself to learn more about caring for patients with dementia. The Dementia UK Report (2007) published by The Alzheimers Society states that there are currently 700,000 people with dementia in the UK. The report also predicts that by 2025 there will be over 1 million people with dementia so it is inevitable that I will be caring for many dementia patients in my career. In summary, although the models of reflection span over 20 years and vary slightly, the principle of reflection is very similar, which implies that reflection is a robust tool and still applies to modern nursing. I have learnt that reflective practice is a vital tool, particularly when associated with journal writing. Continuous reflection will allow me to develop skills and knowledge to enable me to provide the best care possible for patients and their families. 2 Discuss the difference between data and information This learning outcome links to the NMC proficiency of Demonstrate literacy, numeracy and computer skills needed to record, enter, store, retrieve and organise data essential for care delivery. As a student Im not involved in using my computer skills on the ward but eventually will be involved in audit and data entry. My literacy and computer skills are demonstrated throughout my portfolio and assignment. I demonstrate my literacy and numeracy skills when writing patient evaluations, calculating fluid balance and assisting with drug calculations. There are many examples of data and information used within nursing care. Due to the broad nature of this area I have focused on a particular type of data and information to demonstrate my understanding of these terms. My focus is data collected from patients vital signs and the information that relates to this. I will demonstrate how the process of giving information to patients rather than just data is an essential part of nursing. Gathering, giving and recording both data and information accurately is vital. Data can be described as facts and statistics used for reference or analysis. The term information can be defined as the meaning applied to the data (Concise Oxford English Dictionary, 2008). Observation data collected from patients includes pulse rate and rhythm, blood pressure, respiration rate, temperature and oxygen saturate percentage. These measurements are taken on admission as it is important to gain base-line readings to which future readings can be compared. It is necessary to apply meaning to this data to form information to be able to judge a patients condition. Throughout the module I have learnt what data means in terms of acceptable values. As I now have the information about the data I can make judgments about data. For example, I now know that the information I can get from the blood pressure data of 160/110 mmHg is high (Blood Pressure Association). However, this information needs to be put into context to allow use of the information to make a judgement. For example, if a patient has just completed cardiovascular exercise, this may account for a high blood pressure reading. With this information, the plan would be to wait for 30 minutes before repeating to gain more accurate data. Readings can vary temporarily due to a number of reasons; for example, medication, an existing health condition, fluid intake, exercise and alcohol consumption. However, a change in blood pressure can indicate deterioration in condition, which alerts health care professionals to investigate. In order to show my understanding of the difference between data and information I will now give an example of an incident that occurred while on placement. During observations of a 70 year-old lady named Eileen*, I noticed that her systolic blood pressure had dropped from 127 to 90 mmHg. Her other observations remained consistent. I informed a senior nurse who asked a doctor to review the patient. I discussed her fluid intake with her as this could have had an adverse effect on her blood pressure. As she had only drank a small amount I encouraged her to drink more and continued monitoring. Eileens blood pressure eventually returned to her baseline. This example shows how data, such as blood pressure readings, prompts gathering information which, in turn, enables problem solving. As demonstrated, I need to have an understanding of the information gathered from the data but additionally I feel that it is important that patients understand what the data means. Bastable (2006) defined patient education as the process of assisting people to learn health related behaviours so that they can incorporate those behaviours into everyday life and achieve a goal of optimal health and independence in self care. I will now provide an example of my experience of patient education: During a blood pressure check on Paul*, who was hypertensive and took multiple medications, I asked him whether he would like to learn about blood pressures. He gladly agreed so I explained what the reading was and what can affect blood pressure. I explained that exercise, healthy eating, low salt intake and weight control would have a beneficial effect on his blood pressure. He was unaware of how his current lifestyle could have a detrimental effect on blood pressure and said that he now intended to make some lifestyle changes. Research supports my thoughts about the benefits of giving patients information about aspects of their health rather than just the data. Florence Nightingale, who has been described as the founder of modern nursing, recognised the importance of educating about adequate nutrition, personal hygiene and exercise in order to improve well-being (Bastable, 2006). The Department of Health (2009) states that giving people relevant, reliable information enables them to understand their health requirements and make the right choice for themselves and their families. (Bastable, 2008). Partridge and Hill (2000) found that patients who are well informed are better able to manage their health, have improved psychological outcomes, have fewer exacerbations of their condition and less hospital admissions. Glanville (2000) states that if clients cannot maintain or improve their health status when on their own, we have failed to help them reach their potential. Abbott (1998) reported that by involving patients in their state of health by keeping them informed has been proved to improve patient satisfaction and concordance. However, there is research to suggest that providing information may not result in a change in health outcomes (Kole, 1995; Sherer et al. 1998). They found these reasons to be that patients dont understand the information, are unable to absorb it due to pain, anxiety, or that they choose not to act upon it. Additionally, absorption of information is decreased when there is too much information; therefore health outcomes remain unchanged. The question is how much is too much information? This is difficult to determine. In terms of personal strengths, I felt very satisfied that I had initiated this conversation which resulted in Paul considering lifestyle changes. On reflection, this incident highlighted the importance of patient understanding and has encouraged me to take time to educate patients where possible. It has emphasised the need for continuous learning so that I am able to answer questions and educate patients. Additionally, I am aware of my limitations and when to seek advice or refer patients to others. I also need to develop confidence in speaking to patients about sensitive issues such as weight management by researching this area. 3 Demonstrate appropriate non-verbal and verbal skills, including the use of silence, open and closed questions and summarising, to gather information This outcome relates to the NMC Proficiency of Engage in, develop and disengage from therapeutic relationships through the use of appropriate communication and interpersonal skills. Communication is a reciprocal process that involves the exchange of both verbal and non verbal messages to convey feelings, information, ideas and knowledge (Wilkinson 1999; Wallace 2001). In nursing, communication and information gathering is essential to provide quality care. Sheldon, Barrett Ellington (2006) report that Communication is a cornerstone of the nurse-patient relationship. Information gathering commences from when the nurse greets the patient. In order to communicate non-verbal and verbal cues are used. Non-verbal skills are portrayed with body language and impact on communication (Hargie Dickson 2004). These include posture, facial expressions, head movement, eye contact and hand gestures showing active listening. Verbal skills include the use of silence, open and closed questions and summarising. The tone of voice and rate of response are significant. The emphasis is on effective communication; the way we communicate can hinder or enhance the information we gather. Sheldon et al. (2006) state that the power of effective nursing care is strengthened and enriched by good communication. Maguire and Pitceathly (2002) suggest that clinicians with good communication skills identify patients problems more accurately, patients are more satisfied with their care and are less anxious. It has been reported that that ineffective communication can lead to patients not engaging with the healthcare system, refusing to follow recommended advice and failing to cope with the psychological consequences of their illness (Berry, 2007). The scenario below demonstrates my understanding of appropriate verbal and non-verbal cues. It is part of a conversation with a patient on admission regarding current medical history. When meeting Arthur*, a 78 year old, I smiled, introduced myself and explained the purpose of our conversation. I asked Arthur Do you have any chest problems? he answered Yes. I then asked What chest problems do you have and how do they affect you? he answered I have emphysema causing wheezing and a cough. I also get breathless when walking and have oxygen at night I left a brief silence at this point. Arthur then disclosed I cough up a lot of horrible phlegm in the morning which is embarrassing. He then asked will I get a chest x-ray. I asked Have you any particular worries about your chest? to which he replied well I am quite worried about lung cancer. I told him that I would pass on his concern to the doctor and then summarised our conversation. With regard to verbal responses, I initially asked a closed question as I wanted a specific answer. Silverman et al. (2005) supports the theory that closed questions are appropriate when wanting to narrow the potential answer. Due to Arthurs response I asked an open question to encourage him to go into more detail. An open question often results in a lengthy answer, so I used fillers such as mmm throughout, to show active listening and to encourage him to continue. The brief pause was successful as it enabled Arthur to disclose his embarrassment. I summarised his response in order to clarify what Arthur had said for my own benefit but also to give the patient confidence that I had understood and opportunity to correct me if not. With regard to my non-verbal communication, I kept an open posture with eye contact and leant forward slightly to show that I was listening. I also ensured that my facial expressions were appropriate. For example, when greeting Arthur I smiled, but during descriptions of distressing symptoms my facial expression was one of concern. Egan (2002) supports the notion that conveying these non-verbal cues in this way will facilitate emotional disclosure and encourage the patient to talk more freely. Egan derived the acronym SOLER to portray awareness of the non-verbal responses; facing squarely, maintaining an open posture, leaning slightly forward, having appropriate eye contact and being relaxed. There are approximately 700,000 different non-verbal cues that may or may not have meaning (Birdwhistell, 1970; Pei, 1997). As nurses, we must be aware of our use of non-verbal cues as they can convey unintentional meaning. In addition to awareness of our responses it is imperative to be aware of patient cues, as this is part of the information gathering process. Arthurs hesitancy indicated to me to remain silent to encourage further disclosure. Being aware of patients verbal responses is more straightforward than what their non-verbal responses convey and it may be that patients body language contradict the spoken word (Miller, 1995). Barriers to communication include anxiety, language, hearing, sight or speech impairment. During communication, I would like to think that I am non judgemental. According to Underman Boggs (1999) most of us have personal biases regarding others that are based on previous experiences. In relation to my scenario, Fuller (1995) suggests that health care professionals may underestimate the verbal capacity or abilities of older people, which results in their conversations being undervalued. In terms of personal strengths, I feel fairly confident with the use of verbal and non-verbal cues and how these can deter or catalyse communication. I feel that I used silence successfully as Arthur disclosed embarrassment and mentioned about an x-ray, which he may not have done otherwise. I was able to reassure him that we would provide a disposable sputum pot and acknowledged his fear of cancer. I realise that it can be difficult communicating about sensitive information and this is an area of development for me, which I feel will improve with experience. Although at this stage of training I would not be expected to lead consultations for diagnostic purposes, it was informative to research consultation models. I intend to become more familiar with these models in order to utilise some of the communication skills (Newell, 1994). To form an overall conclusion, I feel that through theoretical learning and clinical experience I have demonstrated my achievement of the NMC Proficiencies (2004). I have critically discussed and concluded each learning outcome in turn throughout the essay but to summarise; patient focus and effective communication are paramount. I feel that in terms of reflection, self-awareness is key (Rowe, 1999). This will enable me to look at my skills to recognise strengths and areas of development to ultimately provide best practice in patient care. I realise that I will gain experience and confidence as my training progresses. Word Count: 3289 References Abbott, S. A.(1998) The benefits of patient education Gastroenterol Nursing. 1998 Sep-Oct;21(5):207-9. Bastable, S. (2006) Essentials of Patient Education. London. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Bastable, S. (2008) Nurse as Educator: Principles of Teaching and Learning for Nursing Practice. Third Edition. London: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. 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